Wuthering Heights By Charlotte Bronte - 1137 Words

The Bronte Sisters, undisputable female voices in the Victorian period, built unbreakable embankments against the patriarchal flow, paved the way for the free flow of matriarchy and establishes gender equality and above all sets stage for humanity through their works. Emily Bronte wrote Wuthering Heights, Charlotte Bronte wrote Jane Eyre and Anne Bronte wrote Agnes Grey. They wrote these novels based on their own experiences and close observation of life and conditions of women in male dominated society. Their works of fiction depict the saga of women’s struggle (for identity, equality and existence) of nineteenth century England and contain elements of feminism. To raise female voices( subaltern voices), against the male dominated society was unthinkable(taboo) during that period. Freedom, equality, emancipation were foreign to the women of Victorian England. Against this gender discrimination the Bronte Sisters challenged the male authority through their female protagonists, the role model for women’s emancipation and gender equality, Catherine, Jane Eyre and Agnes Grey. Freedom does not come easily. Women cannot wait for social revolution to alter the patriarchal social pattern in a day; rather every individual will have to participate in unmasking male domination by asserting herself. It is unjust to categorize people based on sex gender discrimination, that are purely biological and cultural connotation, consciously created by male dominated society to suppress andShow MoreRelatedWuthering Heights By Charlotte Bronte1244 Words   |  5 Pagesreader to understand the workings of Wuthering Heights, Charlotte Bronte clarified in the preface to her sister Emily’s novel that they had to understand the time and who Emily was. Wuthering Heights is regarded as Emily’s main success and became most popular after her death 1848. The novel basis itself off of many forms of narration, which can in turn become intriguing or confusing. It is agreeable that there are two representative narrators in Wuthering Heights; however, both Nelly Dean and LockwoodRead MoreWuthering Heights By Charlotte Bronte1209 Words   |  5 Pageswoods: time will change it, I m well aware, as winter changes the trees. My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath: a source of little visible delight, but necessary.† (Bronte 82). Catherine’s love for these two men, especially Heathcliff, is the reason that many of the conflicts in Wuthering Heights occurred. When Heathcliff overhears Catherine’s decision to marry Edgar and runs away, Catherine waits for him in the cold rain for hours and catches the cold that eventually leads toRead MoreWuthering Heights by Charlotte Bronte1143 Words   |  5 Pagesa devilish, preternatural passion that tamer beings can scarcely recognize as love.† (Duclaux) Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà « is considered a masterpiece today, however when was first published, it received negative criticism for its passionate nature. Critics have studied the novel from every analytical angle, yet it remains one of the most haunting love stories of all time. â€Å"Wuthering Heights is not a comfortable book; it invites admiration rather than love.† (Stoneman) The novel containsRead MoreEmily Bronte s Wuthering Heights Essay1220 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Brontà « sisters have both written novels centered on orphans’ pursuits of love that may have challenged civilized society. Emily Jane Brontà « and Charlotte Brontà « are among the six children born to Reverend Patrick Brontà « and Maria Branwell Brontà « (â€Å"Emily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬ ). The loss of their mother and two eldest sisters resulted in different responses between Charlotte and Emily, while Emily became shyer, Charlotte developed a dominant attitude (â€Å"Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬ ). Initially unsuccessful, Wuthering HeightsRead More Emily Brontes Life and Its Mirror Image in Wuthering Heights745 Words   |  3 PagesEmily Brontes Life and Its Mirror Image in Wuthering Heights  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   As we look to the past for clues to some authors and their works we may find clues to why they may have written some of these great works of art in their own life stories. Life and questions about it may have some effect on what some wordsmiths put to paper. If careful consideration is given to the past life of Emily Bronte the novel Wuthering Heights   may be seen as somewhat of a mirror of her life. Much of her life isRead MoreThe Lives of Emily and Charlotte Brontà «2000 Words   |  8 PagesEmily and Charlotte Brontà « retained exceptional novels throughout history. Their stories captivate the minds of readers alike, taking them to a world of dark, eerie hatred, and overcoming the obstacle faced with love and devotion. However, both sisters have diverse styles of writing. Charlotte Brontà « tends to use more humor through her works, while Emily Brontà « uses more satire along with a sardonic tone. T hey both come together to have somewhat similar themes, makin g the moral of the story mentallyRead MoreEssay on Emily Bronte502 Words   |  3 PagesEmily Bronte Emily Bronte was one of three sisters who became famous novelists. Emilys only novel is Wuthering Heights, which was published in December of 1847. Emily was from the Yorkshire village of Haworth. Emily was born on July 30, 1818 to Reverend Patrick Bront? and Marie Branwell Bront?. She was the fifth child of six. The village of Haworth was very isolated. Two years after they moved to Haworth, Mrs. Bront? died of cancer. In 1824 the four eldest girls were sent to Cowan BridgeRead MoreWuthering Heights1634 Words   |  7 PagesEmily Brontà «, known for her novel Wuthering Height, was inspired for her writing through her siblings from a young age. Brontà « was born in Yorkshire, England in 1818. She had one younger sibling, Anne, and four older ones, Maria, Elizabeth, Charlotte, and Patrick Branwell. When Brontà « and her family moved to Haworth in West Yorkshire, Maria and Elizabeth both died of tuberculosis. Emily was raised in the rural countryside in solitude, which provided a background for her Gothic novel, Wuthering HeightsRead MoreEmely Bronte and Wuthering Heights1340 Words   |  5 PagesIt was a quiet evening in Thornton, United Kingdom, on July 30th, 1818 to be exact, that a legend was born. Emily Jane Brontà «, the fifth of six children, came into existence. (Information foun d on GradeSaver) Her father, Reverend Patrick Brontà «, grew up as a peasant while her mother, Maria Brontà « Branwell was quite wealthy. The two became a pair and after years of marriage, finally had a family of eight. Though the family was not fully united for long. (page 10, Howard) Their were a heap fullRead MoreEssay on Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights1127 Words   |  5 PagesEmily Brontes Wuthering Heights       Often in literature, the fictional written word mimics or mirrors the non-fictional actions of the time. These reflections may be social, historical, biographical, or a combination of these. Through setting, characters, and story line, an author can recreate in linear form on paper some of the abstract concepts and ideas from the world s/he is living in. In the case of Emily Bronte, her novel Wuthering Heights very closely mirrors her own life and the lives

The Death of Ivan Ilyich and Don Quixote - 1636 Words

The reader have probably wondered how different the life would be, if one day one could have followed his desires? If spontaneously, leaving his routine life behind one could have finally discovered a long awaited feeling of delight?! Life is not much different. People are living in a society: a family, a circle of friends and acquaintances - where certain customs or beliefs set the boundaries of our behaviour. People are expected to do what is thought to be right or appropriate. The actions are not necessarily supposed to be bad by nature to be thought as wrong, but it can be something different or unusual for people around. This idea goes throughout the whole story of â€Å"Don Quixote†, where a middle-aged man named Alonso Quijano,†¦show more content†¦Tolstoy, in other hand, immerses a reader into a short life story of the protagonist, starting from his family origins, to his youth and his adult life. The misleading nature of Ivan Ilyich’s existence is demo nstrated from the very beginning of novella which accurately describes the illusory reality the main character is living in. The reader might be curious why the normal and ordinary life could be horrible. It is not much possible that Tolstoy was against ordinariness itself, but rather to show the reader that the main character Ivan Ilyich never reaches anything meaningful and exciting in his life. Ivan becomes kind of a prisoner of social milieu, he does everything that is expected of him: he goes to law school just like his father did, he finds a job, gets promoted, earns enough money to enjoy his life, fulfills his duty. He becomes kind of a spiritual zombie. Tolstoy describes main character’s absence of â€Å"real† life in a subtle but authentic way, showing that Ivan is not much different from the people in his circle. As an inventor of his own illusion, or the â€Å"lie†, in which main character lives, Ivan is not showing much curiosity, moreover he is not in search of any kind of truth. He simply exists in his undisturbed, tranquil environment, until something unpredictable happens to him. During one of his ordinary actions, while hanging the new curtains in his new house, he slips, falls down, banging his side against the window frame. This

Portfolio Assessment Essay - 2603 Words

Introduction â€Å"Assessment is the process of identifying, gathering and interpreting information about students’ learning. The central purpose of assessment is to provide information on student achievement and progress and set the direction for ongoing teaching and learning† (NSW Department of Education and Training, 2007, p.1). I believe an assessment strategy which best encapsulates this understanding of assessment is the portfolio. Specifically, a process portfolio provides a wealth of information about a student’s progress in literacy and not only allows a teacher to assess the learning that has taken place but also helps them to identify the areas in need of improvement. Additionally, the crucial element of the student’s†¦show more content†¦The most common types are the ‘working’ or ‘process’ portfolio, to show work in progress and change in learning over time, to identify strengths and weaknesses and to help develop skills o f self evaluation; the ‘evaluation’ portfolio for specified and marked work to document achievement for grading purposes; and the ‘showcase’ or ‘display’ portfolio, with the best work and accomplishments for presentation (Richter, 1997; Valencia Place, 1994, in Brady Kennedy 2009; Borich Tombari, 2004; Mueller, n.d.). It is important to note that these types of portfolios are not completely detached from one another and individual aspects from each type can be applied to a portfolio to accommodate a specific outcome. Brady (2004) prefers process portfolios, as he believes that including reflective writing about their progress makes it a more meaningful learning tool and richer assessment resource. With the process portfolio, teachers have a better insight into the learning that is taking place from the point of view of the student. Consequently, their understanding of how individual students learn strengthens and the small but significant ac hievements they make are more easily identifiable. Portfolio assessment and its relevance to good assessment practices The adoption of portfolios as a legitimate assessment strategy came about due to particular trends and points of dissatisfaction in education, both in Australia and worldwide. Firstly, the issues ofShow MoreRelatedGifted And Talented Portfolio Assessments1580 Words   |  7 PagesGifted and Talented Portfolio Assessments Rationale It has been brought to the school’s attention that there is a need for a more perpetual and comprehensive assessment of students while they are served in the Gifted and Talented Program. Formative assessments provide opportunities to evaluate student performance while the students are being served in the Gifted and Talented Program. Portfolios are an excellent way to evaluate student performance while also helping self-direct their learning andRead MoreMy Performance And Portfolio Assessments From Using Assessment Data Drive Instructional Decisions841 Words   |  4 PagesThe next assignment I would like to showcase is my performance and portfolio assessments from Using Assessment Data to Drive Instructional Decisions. The performance assessment focused on a Pizza Party assignment. Students were required to add, subtract, multiply, and divide decimals using pictorial models and algorithms in order to calculate the cost the cost of pizza and drinks at each pizza parlor. The y used their calculations to determine which restaurant had the best price. Students wereRead MoreThe Self Assessment Portfolio As A Method Of Assessment920 Words   |  4 Pagesand AP levels have used a language portfolio. For these classes, a language portfolio is an integral part of students learning process. Thinking more deeply and after 3 weeks of mandatory reading how I want to conduct my research, I believe I will stay with qualitative research. As Johnson and Christensen state â€Å"qualitative research relies on the collection of qualitative data such as non-numerical data like words and pictures† (p. 418). Because a language portfolio in German classes is still typeRead MoreAssessment Task 3 : Portfolio Of Evidence900 Words   |  4 PagesAssessment Task 3 – Portfolio of Evidence Professional development policy The five main steps in determining and executing training in an organisational context: analyse the required standards, analyse the current skill and knowledge level, determine the skills/ knowledge gap, identify training solutions and evaluate performance after training. Networks Identified Benefits How you can develop this network? Victorian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Get training on customer service, network with mRead MoreInternational Management Portfolio Assessment Essay3839 Words   |  16 PagesInternational Management 375 Assessment 1 - Individual Portfolio Portfolio questions: week 3 1. Discuss how the Internet and culture interact. Which most affects the other and how? Give some examples. Internet has now become an integral thing from the viewpoint of organizations and society and it is now emerged as a technology which is creating effectiveness for these aspects from different angles (BEREND AUTOR WIERENGA, 2000). There is a considerable difference found among internet andRead MoreAssessment Task 3 : Portfolio Of Evidence1352 Words   |  6 PagesAssessment Task 3 – Portfolio of Evidence Professional development policy The five main steps in determining and executing training in an organisational context: analyse the required standards, analyse the current skill and knowledge level, determine the skills/ knowledge gap, identify training solutions and evaluate performance after training. It is important to ensure that the learning goals and the learning methodologies are tailored to suit the needs of the organisation because it is way thatRead MoreCenter For Applied Linguistics : What Is An Assessment Portfolio? Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesCenter for Applied Linguistics What is an assessment portfolio? An assessment portfolio is a compilation of a student s authentic work over a particular period. The assessment portfolio allows for identifying growth in a concise package. The collection of work includes grading guidelines, the rational for the evaluations chosen, and allow for self-awareness. What are the advantages of assessment portfolio systems for ELLs? The portfolio of assessment allows students to guide their personal, academicRead MoreWhy Do We Use Portfolios As An Assessment?1693 Words   |  7 Pages Why do we use portfolios as an assessment ? Student assessment portfolios promote positive student involvement. As students create their portfolios, they are actively involved in and reflecting on their own learning. This means that the teacher can individualize instruction for the student. Portfolios are a form of alternative/authentic assessment in which a student s progress is measured over a period of time in various language learning contexts. Portfolios can include evidence of specificRead More Mathematics: A New Kind of Portfolio Assessment Essay3644 Words   |  15 PagesMathematics: A New Kind of Portfolio Assessment I sat pondering in my classroom as I calculated my grades for my first six weeks of teaching. I began wondering as I looked over grades how accurate these grades were to the ability of my students. I began to wonder how the grades showed the growth from where some of my students started at the beginning of the year. Some of my students started below grade level to begin with and had made tremendous gains to function at the level they wereRead MoreAmb200 Consumer Behaviour Assessment Item1: Portfolio Sem2 20124065 Words   |  17 Pages[you may format this page however you like but it must contain the following information] AMB200 Consumer Behaviour Assessment Item 1: Portfolio Sem 2 2012 | Student name: Ling Yan WongStudent number: 07633599 | Tutorial time: Wednesday, 11a.m.-12a.m.Tutorial number:Tutor: | Introduction The consumer behaviour that I have selected is â€Å"choosing a restaurant for a special occasion†. In this case, I would like to choose a restaurant to celebrate my boyfriend’s

Victims Low Levels Of Social Interactions †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Victims Low Levels Of Social Interactions? Answer: Introducation Autism is a mental disorder, long term in nature which is diagnosed in young children of ages as low as one and three years old. It is a pervasive disorder in the course of development in children and it is characterized by poor communication methods, being extremely unresponsive to other children and adults, having a rigid behavior and being highly repetitive (Kenny et al., 2016). The pervasive development disorder is a form of the autism spectrum in which in which the victims have low levels of social interactions, unnecessary response to varied stimuli in the environment in which they live in and poor communication methods. This paper will cover several aspects related to autism such as etiology, history, causes, and treatment. Based on the Statistical Manual on Mental disorders part 4, impairments in terms of social interactions and communication problems observed by autism children are lack of eye to eye contact, inability to use gestures as a form of non-verbal communication an d lack of nonverbal behaviors among others. In other cases, the autism children are unable to form peer relationships with their colleagues, while they also indicate a repetitive behavior in their activities (Case-Smith et al., 2015). These repetitive behaviors include the continued preoccupation with some restricted pattern of activities and motor manners such as twisting hands or flapping fingers. For children below the age of three years, there is an observable delay in the development such as the language, participating in imaginative plays, understanding symbols and social interaction with the people around them. Historical perspective The autism disorder was first described by a Swiss psychiatric and psychologist Bleuler Eugene. In this case, autism has been described as a basic disturbance in schizophrenia such that an individual is withdrawn from the social life. On the basis of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of mental disorders, the spectrum of autism disorder is composed of childhood disintegration, pervasive development disorder, autism disorder, Asperger disorder, and Rett disorder. The reports from clinicians indicate that the symptoms of autism disorders begin to be observed at around eighteen months during childhood days (Brunsdon Happ, 2014). One of the criteria used to detect the possibility of autism by clinicians on children is the use of language. This criterion is more specific because it is easy to detect an abnormal verbal or nonverbal form of communication. Some of the common indicators using language criteria are the body posture, eye to eye contact, use of gestures and much more during a social interaction session. There are varied causes of autism but they vary from place to place, and one person to another, although other causes may be common (Talkowski et al., 2014). Although iodine deficiency is a known cause of autism, this condition has also been known to be both genetic as well as hereditary. Food which is deficient of iodine causes low IQ, cretinism and other negative effects to the growing fetus. In other cases, pregnant women who do not give their bodies enough time to heal may lead to the birth of the next child being with an autism disorder (Alexandra, 2015). There is a close association which exists between iodine deficiency in the diet and the development of low attention and hyperactivity, especially in the United States. Considering the fact that iodine deficiency is at a marginal state in most families, exposure of children or expectant mothers to anti-thyroid materials like organochlorines, and tobacco smoke lower a number of thyroid hormones. This leads to the development of hypothyroxinemia which in turn causes the birth of autism children. Although autism was reported in the 20th century, it has been on the rise even throughout the 21st century. It is also important to note that in the United States, the African Americans and Hispanic males are the highest groups with autism children. Gender differences It is clear that there are more males than females who are affected by autism disorder. While there is no clear reason for the gender split in autism, it is clear that the women are less affected because they have better verbal skills while men have visuospatial skills. Diagnosis of autism nowadays in relation to the previous decades There is an increase in the number of children suffering from autism in this decade as compared to the previous decade. This is true especially due to the observed increase in the incidence, that is the number of diagnosed cased per year as well as the prevalence, which is the sum of the affected people in the overall population suffering from autism in the previous half century. While various studies have reported increasing diagnoses of autism from year to year, it is apparent that these cases are on the rise. The most recent accepted prevalence is that in every one hundred people, one of them suffers autism (The conversation, 2011). However, the severity of this condition varies from time to time and with the individuals. For instance, sometimes back, autism was referred as infantile autism, because the diagnosis was based on the child demonstrating low and slow language development process. However, with time, it has been found that autism affected children may present some symptoms that are less severe and hence the need for the development of other diagnostic methods like pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified. It is also worth noting that there has been an observable rise in the cases of the infantile autism for the last two decades, meaning that there is a broad gap in terms of the diagnostic methods. This clearly means that there are some people who previously were categorized into a certain diagnostic banner but currently, they are receiving the primary diagnosis for autism. The increase in the current high cases of diagnosis as opposed to the previous decade are due to the fact that there are modern methods that have been developed to screen whole populations and are thus very sensitive in the identification of the autism affected people. Genetic causes of autism There is a close association of autism with genetics especially through the involvement of the de novo mutations (Toriello, 2016). Some of these mutations may be passed from parents to the children while others just arise spontaneously. For instance, the effects of recessive genes in the development of autism disorders have been explored. These recessive genes are passed from one generation to another although their effects are only found in case a person inherits two copies of identical genes, that is one from each of the parents (Nadesan, 2013). The recessive mutations in the inherited genes thus destroy the normal functions of a gene. In other cases, the risks of genetic causes of the development of autism make the inherited mutations to cause a partial loss of gene roles. When the roles of the partially disabled mutations have altered this results in a total loss of the functions of a gene (Ronemus et al., 2014). accounting the most common genetic disorders that are linked to aut ism disorder is the fragile X syndrome. While the level of inheritance characteristics is high in autism, the manner in which inheritance takes place is still not clear (Chen et al., 2015). Sometimes, there may be multiple interactions of genes and several loci predispose one individual to autism as opposed to the other. There are some methods used to determine the inheritance methods of autism. Use of cytogenetic studies through molecular biology are used to determine the de novo problems in the chromosomes among individuals or families (Gooney Isere, 2013). The use of whole genomes makes it possible to make a prediction on the exact location of the disease. In other cases, the structural differences on the chromosomes involving the copy number can be used in the study of the development of autism in genetics. Diagnosis using the DSM 5 There are changes which take place when making a diagnosis of the autism disorders in the context of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder for DSM 5. This has enormous results and benefits especially for psychologists when evaluating the children affected by autism (Esler Ruble, 2015). The adoption of DSM 5 from the previously used diagnostic methods has led to the elimination of subthreshold categories as well as high-level reliance on instruments in providing the validity of data. However, this method has specific issues related to making decisions and revision on how best to evaluate this criterion (Volkmar Reichow, 2013). Some valuable advantages of DSM 5 that are very useful in autism diagnosis include the enhanced description of the level of disorders as well as the use of combined dimensions. Treatment methods For parents whose children have been diagnosed with autism disorders, it is paramount for them to seek interventions early enough. These interventions include speech as well as occupational therapy, which is commonly offered in special schools and hospitals respectively. However, this strategy requires that the parents find out the behaviors of their children so that they can know the specific needs that they require or are deficient. For instance, a parent might consider things like the anti-social behaviors, the amount of words that the child can speak at a certain age and the nonverbal communication capabilities (Pellicano et al., 2014). As the autism affected child develops, there are times when the child may develop aggressive behaviors, indicating a need to seek treatment as early as possible. Other recommended treatment options for autism disorders include supplementing foods with vitamins and minerals, use of exclusive diets and use of heavy metal ions chelation methods. Prevention strategies Generally, there is no approved method of preventing autism disorders, more so when its etiology is considered. However, when it is diagnosed early, there could be higher chances of improving this condition by seeking early interventions which in turn prevent the condition from further development (Croen et al., 2015). Considering the arguments that autism is genetic and hereditary, then it would be important if spouses get to understand their genetics as well as family history preferably before they get married. Other strategies would involve seeking less exposure to chemicals, alcohol, and tobacco smoke. All in all, the preferred autism prevention method is getting to fully understand the condition, through communal or individual education and understanding one's family background on the basis of this disorder. While autism is described as knowing no family, level of income, race or ethnic group, high prevalence are found in African Americans as well as Hispanic men. Conclusion It is thus clear that autism disorders affect children and have grave consequences. In the United States, it has been found that less of the Latin American have this condition while high prevalence is found among the Hispanics and African American men. Of great importance is that the parents need to have their children diagnosed early enough so that they can commence the treatment methods. Some of the notable symptoms include delayed speech, antisocial behaviors, and others. It is also true that parents who have children suffering from autism spend so much time giving them attention and in many cases may tend to live in denial. At this point, it is crucial to focus on seeking treatment such as in special schools which offer occupational therapy and speech therapy. Moreover, the parents need also to join support groups that best understand their conditions. Understanding the family history in terms of the possibility of autism disorders is also important before partners decide to marr y so as to avoid having any of their off springs from suffering from this disorder. References Alexandra, S., (2015). This may explain the rise in autism diagnoses. Retrieved from https://time.com/3652619/autism-diagnosis/ Brunsdon, V. E., Happ, F. (2014). Exploring the fractionationof autism at the cognitive level. Business, 18(1), 17-30. Case-Smith, J., Weaver, L. L., Fristad, M. A. (2015). A systematic review of sensory processing interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders. Autism, 19(2), 133-148. Chen, J. A., Peagarikano, O., Belgard, T. G., Swarup, V., Geschwind, D. H. (2015). The emerging picture of autism spectrum disorder: genetics and pathology. Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease, 10, 111-144. Croen, L. A., Zerbo, O., Qian, Y., Massolo, M. L., Rich, S., Sidney, S., Kripke, C. (2015). The health status of adults on the autism spectrum. Autism, 19(7), 814-823. Esler, A. N., Ruble, L. A. (2015). DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder with implications for school psychologists. International Journal of School Educational Psychology, 3(1), 1-15. Gooney, E., Isere, E. (2013). Genetic and environmental factors in autism. In Recent Advances in Autism Spectrum Disorders-Volume I. InTech. Kenny, L., Hattersley, C., Molins, B., Buckley, C., Povey, C., Pellicano, E. (2016). Which terms should be used to describe autism? Perspectives from the UK autism community. Autism, 20(4), 442-462. Nadesan, M. H. (2013). Autism and genetics profit, risk, and bare life. In Worlds of Autism: Across the Spectrum of Neurological Difference. University of Minnesota Press. Pellicano, E., Dinsmore, A., Charman, T. (2014). What should autism research focus upon? Community views and priorities from the United Kingdom. Autism, 18(7), 756-770. Ronemus, M., Iossifov, I., Levy, D., Wigler, M. (2014). The role of de novo management in the genetics of autism spectrum disorders. Nature Reviews. Genetics, 15(2), 133. Talkowski, M. E., Minikel, E. V., Gusella, J. F. (2014). Autism spectrum disorder genetics: diverse genes with diverse clinical outcomes. Harvard review of psychiatry, 22(2), 65-75. The conversation, (2011). Do more children have autism now than before?. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/do-more-children-have-autism-now-than-before-4497 Toriello, H. V. (2016). Autism and Genetics. In Health Care for People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities across the Lifespan (pp. 713-721). Springer International Publishing. Veronica, M., (2013). New research investigates inherited causes of autism. Retrieved from https://www.broadinstitute.org/news/4624 Volkmar, F. R., Reichow, B. (2013). Autism in DSM-5: progress and challenges. Molecular autism, 4(1), 13