Andy Warhol essays

Andy Warhol essays When envisioning in your mind what Pop Art precisely is, there is no artist that could provide a more lucid example of this other than Andy Warhol. Through the use of paintings, sculptures, drawings, and films, Warhol transformed the standard of modern art by making more vibrant and lively features. His nonconforming style attracted much of society that included many celebrities. Using many techniques such as isolation, repetition and colour placement, Warhol brought to the world of art his views on materialism, politics, economics and the media. Warhol's works were meant to be taken at face value, for nothing more than what they portrayed on the surface. Much of his life can be visualized through his extensive time capsule located in the Andy Warhol Museum. Everything he thought to be interesting and valuable was gathered together and set in containers so that that his own human experiences could be captured in time for the general public to view. In my own experience of viewing the time capsule, I noticed that there were many prominent themes in ea ch individual vitrine that represented some segment of Warhol's life and ideas. In the first vitrine, it was apparent that the theme was politics and entertainment of the era, which were obviously very important matters to him. These matters were important to him because he always wanted to keep up to date with cultural trends so that he could reflect them in his art pieces. This vitrine contained items such as publications of the 1960's, magazines that promoted sexual openness, and photographs of Marilyn Monroe, a definite icon of the era. The second vitrine displayed many items that pertained to the production of Warhol's films. Some contents include a letter from Rick Clayton (a man who sat in for a Warhol screen test), postcards, letters, a marriage invitation, and pornography. These items relating to his films were noteworthy because they reflect some the most sign...

Concept Of Poverty And Poverty Alleviation Social Work Essay Essays

Concept Of Poverty And Poverty Alleviation Social Work Essay Essays Concept Of Poverty And Poverty Alleviation Social Work Essay Essay Concept Of Poverty And Poverty Alleviation Social Work Essay Essay Chapter 2: Literature reappraisal 2.1 Concept of poorness and poorness relief Poverty is defined in different footings and it is hard to hold an exact definition of it. The UN ( United Nations ) defines poorness as a denial of picks and chances, a misdemeanor of human self-respect ( Langmore 2000: 37 ) . It means lack willingness and chance to take part efficaciously in society. UN besides relate poorness to deficiency of income to enable endurance, societal favoritisms that the hapless face, and by denial of chances, it means that they are denied to take part in determination devising of society ( UN, 1995: Para. 19 ) . In the Beijing declaration it was mentioned how poorness is characterized: deficiency of engagement in societal and cultural life, this occurs in many developing states organizing pockets of poorness: parts where hapless lives. A hapless is non hapless because of deficiency of engagement in civil society but besides due to economic jobs such as recession which prevent people below the poorness line from holding a nice life. Sen. ( 1981 ) , who is a celebrated research worker on the topic of poorness, explains poorness as the deficiency of basic demands indispensable for endurance and fails to take part in societal and economic activities. Poverty can be categorized into two that is absolute poorness and comparative poorness. Absolute poorness refers to a state of affairs where an person is unable to fulfill his basic demands that are nutrient, shelter and vesture and wellness. Peter Townsend ( 1979 ) defines comparative poorness as a state of affairs where an single criterion of life is below the degree that they are unable to bask normal manner of life ( Reporting poorness in the UK P 15 ) . It is more about criterion of life where there is an single possess a large Villa, new trade name auto, high income whereas another 1 is at medium degree and can at least fulfill his basic demands and remain healthy. Poverty relief takes topographic point by initialising schemes which aim at cut downing poorness ; these schemes are set up by the Government with the aid of Non-Governmental organisations which participate in the combat to relieve poorness. They take inducements to aim vulnerable groups through family study statistics and so convey alterations to better cater for the hapless. A poorness relief programme is so introduced and it includes authorization of adult females through instruction, consciousness programmes, economic development and income redistribution, and besides through little and average endeavors by supplying entree to finance through micro recognition strategies that is recognition system ( loans and nest eggs ) installations which are offered by Bankss are accessible to the needy. 2.1 Womans and poorness in Mauritius Mauritius is ranked 1st in Mo Ibrahim categorization for good administration among 57 other African states. This shows that there has been progress in footings of economic development, even life anticipation, birth rates, literacy rate among grownups and income distribution have progressed. But study conducted by the Ministry of Finance has shown that the figure of hapless below poorness line keeps increasing. It is noted Mauritius does non hold a poorness line as such but there indexs that shows who are the hapless. Poverty line can be absolute and comparative ; absolute poorness line is the cost of basic necessities of family including nutrient, lodging, vesture and wellness. Relative poorness line is more about income between lower and higher groups. But in Mauritius, there is no poorness line that is why the HBS ( family budget studies ) is used to specify who the hapless are. This study is conducted every 2 old ages, to update informations about ingestion form of Mauritians and aim vulnerable groups. .Therefore a family with income below Rs 3,821 is considered as hapless, as per HBS in the poorness analysis of 2006/07 ( CSO 2007 ) . In Mauritius, there are 652,300 more adult females and 633,700 work forces from the 1,286,000 entire populations. Therefore there are 18,600 more adult females compared to work forces ( ESI 2011:2 ) . But Mauritius is a really patriarchal society when adult females function is more linked to the place and the household instead than work, political relations and determination devising for the state. Another ground for poorness is the job of low income ; adult females are given really few chances to instruction, preparations and occupation chances and are largely engaged in Epz sectors. Without an equal income, it is hard to fulfill day-to-day basic demands of the household. Womans are restricted in political relations because it is considered as a male duty ; adult females are left beside, closed up in their housewife/mother function. Men still decline to accept that adult females are capable of better than them in certain activities ; they reject the fact that adult females achieve s uccess, are good educated and occupy high position at work with high wage. That is why there are many instances of domestic force and colza on adult females ; work forces feel inferior and are losing their function of commanding everything ( IFAD ) .Women are more likely to confront poorness than work forces ; a study of the CSO showed that 8.9 % of adult females compared to 8.1 % of work forces live in comparative poorness in 2009. There is a spread in income between male and female employee merely Rs 7,100 for female and Rs 12, 330 for male ( ESI 2010:11 ) . 2.3 Womans and micro-credit In the 1800 s, Lysander Spooner found out that supplying recognition installations to little famers was really successful that where came the new term micro-credit today, hapless population have accessed to loans and payment installations. In 1976, Muhammad Yanus ( victor of the Nobel Prize in 2006 ) created micro-credit installations in the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. At first it was merely meant to measure the installations which can be provided to the hapless but subsequently proved to be a cardinal tool to cut down poorness. This was followed by the United Nations declaring the twelvemonth 2005 as the international twelvemonth of Micro-credit with five chief ends among which were to advance part of micro-credit installations and enable handiness to these installations. Micro-credit has been proved to advance societal development and a tool to fight against poorness in both developed and developing states ( Da Silva et Al. 2007 ) . MFI studies showed that 70 % of adult females are donees of micro-credit loans, this give an overview of adult females exposure and how they consider micro-credit loans as a manner to acquire out of poorness. One chief inquiry is raised: Why adult females? Evidence have showed that adult females are the 1s who are less paid and work in secondary sectors where they are at hazard and do non hold benefits compared to work forces in society ( ILO 2008 ) . Women face excessively many inequalities such as unemployment and favoritisms based on gender, it has to be noted that Mauritius gender statistics showed that we are ranked 63rdA out of 146 states on the Gender Inequality Index of the UN ( CSO 2011 ) . That is why micro-credit strategy has been introduced to advance entree to resources such as land and substructure and besides entree to recognition installations. Besides Micro-credit programme besides include preparation of adult females so that become independent and confident in their concern ( CIDA 1995:11 ) . Micro-credit aid adult females to better their income family and construct a safety-net which procure them and cut down their exposure to fall into traps of poverty. , they become m ore mature to cover with issues of their concern and do their ain determination and picks ( Mends 2000 ) . 2.4 Role of the authorities and different organic structures concerned After the acme of Micro-finance in 1997, the authorities of Mauritius proposed activities to cut down poorness. Among them was debut of micro-credit strategies which provide little loans to the hapless so that they can lift up from their hapless state of affairs. Among them was debut of micro-credit strategies which provide little loans to the hapless so that they can lift up from their hapless state of affairs. A directory of micro-entrepreneurs has been set up to set up a connexion with the mass population to increase consciousness of this programme and aim more vulnerable groups. There are other organic structures like the Small and Medium endeavors ( SME ) , Development Bank of Mauritius ( DBM ) , Small and Medium Enterprises Development Authority ( SMEDA ) , National Empowerment Foundation ( NEF ) which are under the auspices of the Ministry of Gender Equality, kid development and household public assistance and Ministry of. The function of the SMEDA is to advance societal and economic development of little and average endeavors ( SMEs ) through support to new enterprisers. It is a organic structure with provide preparation, reding and support on concern and selling for those willing to get down in handcrafts, farm animal, agribusiness and so on. They benefit from installations like revenue enhancement freedom when purchasing lands and easy entree to substructure and conveyance. DBM besides aim at socio-economic development and authorization of adult females but through fiscal installations. A micro-credit strategy programme has been set up for vulnerable groups to advance income-generating activities in Mauritius. Micro-entrepreneurs ( adult females ) benefit from loan installation of Rs 150 000 with a period of five old ages for refund, merely adult females willing to make a little endeavor like kindergarten, little trades, cultivation, fabrication, handcrafts or farm animal genteelness and are registe red under SMEs, NEF, AREU, SMEDA are eligible for this loan installation. The NEF besides plays an of import function in the edifice up of new enterprisers in Mauritius. With the entrepreneurship support programme, the NEF provide developing to unemployed adult females, assist them to construct up their concern, supply recognition installations and mentoring to steer adult females on the right path to success. Recognition installations are provided by DBM with the supporter loan strategy specially established for adult females willing to go an enterpriser. 2.5 Intervention of Ngos in micro-credit programme Ngos refer to non-governmental organisations. They play an of import function by supplying support to vulnerable groups to advance long-run solution, together with the authorities ( Rasheed and Chloe 1994:294 ) . They act as patrons in activities like support undertakings, loans and preparations where authorities financess are frequently deficient and besides assist to advance effectivity and efficiency of authorities policies ( Farrington, Lewis and Mc-Cormick: 1993:273 ) . Surveies conducted by universe bank ( 1998 ) show that Participation of Ngos were fruitful for many developing states ( Dutta 1999, Chowdhurry 2001 ) ; more than 8 million adult females had accessed to microcredit installations. Ngos have better capacities to cover with state of affairss where cognition of proper direction and coordination are needed ( Caplan 2001:273 ) . In Mauritius, The NEF is under the CSR ( societal corporate Duty ) where private sectors contribute in relief of poorness more than Rs 5 million of net income goes in undertakings for adult females empowerment and micro-enterprises. There are so many Ngo s in Mauritius lending to adult females empowerment through support in footings of finance, mentoring, preparations and reding. They are set up in signifiers of associations and cater for vulnerable adult females who face poorness. Trust fund is n Ngo which has been set up in 1999 to finance micro-projects and advance authorization in Mauritius. 2.6 Effectiveness of micro-credit There were extended arguments about adult females and poorness and the impact of micro recognition as a poorness relief tool. Many literatures have referred to the micro-credit strategy as the best alternate to cut down poorness and to authorise adult females ( Bernasek, 2003, Bhatt 2001, Khand Ker el al 1998, Leach and Sitaram, 2002: 1119 ) . Micro-credit is a system which gives entree to finance through loans and nest eggs for entrepreneurships. Surveies have shown that micro-credit has been utile to the hapless family due to low cost ( Miller, Morhnee, Stephens and Tazi 2006:3 ) .Another appraisal on the function of micro-credit strategies was conducted through a study in the South Asia together with Ngo s showed that these strategies have improved economic position of adult females in society through instruction and preparation to get professional accomplishments in entrepreneurship so that they become self-efficient and this has better their societal position in their family and improved consciousness ( Hashemi, Schuler and Riley 1996:1 ) . As an income-generating tool Micro-credit programmes include Income-generating schemes, increasing consciousness and authorising adult females. This aid to socio-economic development of the state through instruction, engagement in determination devising, bettering quality of wellness, sanitation and nutrition but most of import of all to relieve poorness through nutrient security, income, bettering literacy rates among adult females, therefore taking to societal inclusion of adult females in societal, economic and political activities ( Bernasek and al. 2003: 1119 ) . Halkias, Nwajiuba, Harkiolakis, Caracatsanis ( 2011 ) survey aiming the Challenges confronting adult females enterprisers in Nigeria with a sample of 62 females entrepreneurs a self-administered study showed that adult females showed more devotedness and attempt for their entrepreneurship compared to male enterprisers. Another consequence was that female enterprisers can professionally command their entrepreneurship and keep their family efficaciously. Micro-credit had besides an impact on nest eggs made each month to better criterion of life of their households ( Siringi 2011 ) . Kabeer ( 1998:38 ) found out that micro-credit is an chance for adult females to convey their ain part in footings of money. Policies should aim more societal and educational domains to promote adult females in the combat to relieve poorness. Besides ( Rogers and Youssef, 1988 ; Consultative Group to Help the Poor CGAP, 2004: 6 ) findings showed that a rise in adult females income has positive influence on instruction, and wellness of kids in the family. Authorization of adult females: During the Women conference of the United Nations, it has been declared that to hold stableness in footings of societal, economic, politic, civilization and environment, accomplishing gender equality and authorization are the indispensable keys. Empowerment refers to making chances so that person can develop their capacities Mawaya ( 1999:4 ) . Authorization of adult females is the third end of the Millennium Development Goals which aim to cut down poorness boulder clay 2015. It is done through instruction with literacy programmes. A study from Unifem declares that to accomplish adult females empowerment, entree to all basic resources is of import. Womans do non merely confront money jobs but besides societal 1s through exclusion instruction, political relations, and the universe of work. Empowerment implies doing adult females recognize their parts in all activities of society ( Muro: 1994 ) . Many writers find a nexus between recognition and authorization. It is a fact that micro-credit programme improved adult females state of affairs ( economic, societal, political, cultural ) and besides in footings of instruction ( preparations ) leting them to develop their accomplishments ( Johnson A ; Rogaky 1997:38 ) .Empowerment has two dimension one in footings of family, adult females tend be at place making housekeeping and taking attention of their household. With micro-credit programme they work and earn their ain money which improves their position and their function at place compared to their old function. They feel in a better place to use their ain determination ( Osmani 2007:696 ) A survey conducted in Nepal showed that more than 68 % which represent more than 89 000 adult females over 130 000 who were involve in authorization programme and experienced a alteration in their function at place and towards their ain community, they have become person who is respected for attempts and give Dons to make this mark of adult females with assurance and regard ( Ashe and Parrot 2001:8 ) . Micro-credit has unfastened new avenues for adult females in footings of instruction and development of accomplishments. Having entree to recognition is more secure for adult females and they are able to take attention of their household. Reports have shown that adult females are the 1 who spend more for the public assistance of their household ; in-depth interviews conducted in Rwanda with adult females profiting from micro-credit strategy have shown that more than 54 % of them are now able to pull off on their ain in their concern without work forces ( URWEGO 1994:4 ) . It besides helps to construct up their assurance and self-esteem. Assurance is portion of the purposes of authorization of adult females. It is the based to alter adult females perceptual experience on assorted patriarchal facets that exist in society and this besides enable them to develop accomplishments for the success of micro-credit. Micro-credit is a programme which train adult females to go professional concern adult females and to be able to command their ain concern. Microcredit programme have empowered adult females taking to a alteration adult females function, position and relationship at place and in society. In-depth interviews conducted in Rwanda showed that there was an addition of 69 % in assurance and self-pride of adult females ( Ashe A ; Parrot 1994:7 ) . Micro-credit programme has non merely increased income of hapless family but besides better position of adult females at place and in society. Through micro-credit adult females have become respectful towards work forces reaction and perceptual experiences and the manner society position adult females, this patriarchal society is diminishing with adult females emancipation in society. This programme besides leads to political authorization of adult females ; poverty relief does non merely imply proviso of basic demands and entree to recognition or even development of accomplishments. It is besides of import to be free in footings of picks, rights, and freedom and ability to voice out. Angaman and Alagaman ( 2001:78 ) survey on the impact of micro-credit shoed that adult females have become independent in footings of determinations non merely for their concern but besides for their household affairs. Inequality towards the hapless Micro finance was supposed to play a critical function in decrease of poorness. This scheme is seen as being excessively simple to cut down the job of poorness ( Endeley and Thompson 2005:8 ) . Explanations provided to warrant the failure of Micro-credit programme is that it failed to aim existent destitute groups, it can detect that non-poor are taking most advantages of this programme and hapless are going poorer, standards of choice are non appropriate and this causes maltreatments ( Copestake, Morduch, Dugger 2004:4 ) . Maltreatments are non merely from rich people but besides from male in families where adult females benefit from micro-credit strategies. They are cognizant of their married womans eligibility to entree micro-credit loans and utilize them for their ain concern holding nil to make with adult females entrepreneurship ( Goetz and Gupta 1995:41 ) . This raises the inquiry of gender equality which exists in society and work forces ever acquiring involved in female act ivities. Furthermore, the chief intent of micro- finance was supposed to supply recognition a installation in footings of loan to the marginalized group to assist them to bring forth income for their ain concern, the province has failed in its mission. ( Swain et alaˆÂ ¦ 2008:193 ) . It has instead created a barbarous rhythm of indebtness among adult females ; they get trapped and become dependant on the province and Bankss. The job is that they frequently failed to hold the degree of net income expected and have to work double to salvage for loan refund ( Copestake 2001:4 ) . A study published by concern hebdomad ( 2005:4 ) showed that involvement rates are higher and failure to refund loans means closing of their concern and immense debts to unclutter. Lack of part from other sectors It can be seen that intercession and part of private and public sectors are thin. There is a deficiency of uninterrupted aid to adult females enterprisers which makes the safety net really vulnerable as any misdirection and low profitableness can set the concern at hazard ( Neff 1996:4 ) . All these defects of micro-credit have raised a inquiry ; is micro-credit truly a tool to cut down poorness? Findingss from different studies showed that it truly reduced poorness in the universe but to some extent. Kandler ( 2005:4 ) found out that 31 % of adult females take parting in micro-credit plans have been out of their low poorness in Bangladesh. Another fact of micro-credit success is the addition and betterment of ingestion forms of hapless people together with the addition in income this has lead to economic development. Kah ( 2005:5 ) reject the positive consequences of micro-credit in the development states. After a survey in different states with different methods like interviews, st udies and ethnographic studies, Kay found out that it is a excessively optimistic premise to sort micro-credit as a tool to relieve poorness. Micro-credit programmes besides have short-comings which tend to be ignored. Antaitwe ( 2006 ) claimed that there programmes have failed to run into their purposes and aims. The ground provided was that the fact that people who deserve this service and aid were excluded from these programmes ( Hulme 2003 ) . Another short-coming of micro-credit is whether these programmes are accessible to highly hapless people. Reports from the United Nations ( UN ) showed that these programmes are unaccessible to highly hapless because of high involvement rates and deficiency of substructures and structural forms to better help destitute people so that they develop their accomplishments and go efficient in society. Lack of uninterrupted follow ups to adult females enterprisers Peredo and Chrisman ( 2006 ) focal point on the fact that web should be created to enable better sharing and besides installations in footings of resources and direction of endeavors including cost of resources, methods of distribution after production and how to value their merchandises. However this can barely be seen in developing states after preparation and fiscal aid, enterprisers are frequently left on their ain to command their concern, there is a deficiency of uninterrupted aid and guidance. Micro-credit programmes look to be planned for short-run footing merely because there are failures in administrative schemes and services offered. The deficiency of aid provided to clients is non followed and paper work and permission grants for new enterprisers take excessively much clip. There is besides the job of favouritism which has been observed, maltreaters form directors seeking for their ain involvement instead than involvement of clients this consequence to traveling against p recedences of these programmes and policies set up for their success. Micro-credit strategies for economic development alternatively of societal 1s The chief job with micro-credit shemes is that they deal with economic jobs than societal 1s. It is clear that poorness is the socio-economic job for most of the universe. The male laterality which exists in the most societies Acts of the Apostless like a barrier for adult females success. Work forces have control over everything in society, eve incomes earned by their married woman in their endeavor are used for other intents and adult females hardly have entree to it. All these deep-seated perceptual experience, values and imposts prevent adult females to protest because they fear to be harassed, beated up, humiliated by their hubby. To some extent micro-credit create tensenesss in families in most underdeveloped states. Work force garbage to accept adult females emancipation and acknowledge their capacities which are really indispensable for the success of micro-credit programmes ( World Bank 2006 ) . It seems that micro-credit programmes have been introduced merely to increase ec onomic activity and supply of labour through occupation creative activities ( Pitt and Khandler 1998 ) . Ideological perceptual experiences forestalling adult females success These deep ideological perceptual experiences which exist in many societies prevent success of micro-credit which failed to raise adult females out of poorness ( UNDP 1997 ) . Each state has their ain civilization which they follow really closely, this has an impact on development, because development agencies alterations which are societal, political, and economic and most of all cultural alterations which many developing condensation trails garbage to accept. Micro-credit programmes were supposed to increase income of hapless families but it failed because most of the money saved goes in loan refund and in instance of exigencies entree to money go a large issue ( Brett 2006 ) . The fact that adult females have low position and are seen as weak, nescient and low skilled in society they tend to take loans to travel further on the societal ladder of society ( Lucas 2001 ) . They are trapped to being dependent on their hubby and even more when they fail to refund their loan. This ideological image of adult females duty being at place to convey balance is a barrier to success, and though the attempt to accomplish gender equality in society it has failed. All authorities schemes for integrating of adult females in society have failed and have provoked misconceptions about adult females failure in micro-credit programmes and corroborating stereotype on adult females failing and incapacity ( Nesbitt 2006 ) . Authorization of adult females is non merely based on increasing their income and developing accomplishments but it is based on altering deep perceptual experiences. It is really hard to alter perceptual experiences people make on adult females ( Swain and Wallentin 2007:25 ) . 2.7 Decision Through the old paragraphs, descriptive inside informations of micro-credit impact have been given by different writers after analysis. It seems that micro-credit programmes have been really efficient in footings of income-generating, development of professional accomplishment to pull off ain concern, emancipation of adult females in the World. Womans have been empowered by these programmes through addition of assurance and assertiveness and independence. The importance of authorization to relieve poorness is pointed by many writers ; micro-credit additions their consciousness and do adult females more efficient in society. It has brought alterations in household income and criterion of life and a alteration in functions that adult females go enterprisers this imply giving clip to both their concern and their household which is really difficult and frequently end into struggles. Despite all positive impacts of micro-credit on adult females, there are besides short-comings. Micro-cred it encourage adult females to take loan to construct their ain concern and are besides trained for it but there is non adequate aid for wise mans to do certain these adult females are on the right path and to advocate them in instance of job to undertake within their concern. The job is when these concerns are unable to do adequate net income to refund their loan, there went to shortage and loses their concern, all their attempts, clip and forfeits made to accomplish this. This consequence to adult females going dependant on their hubby once more and work forces command them once more which means authorization has failed. Different diaries have shown how this patriarchal perceptual experience which exists in society prevents adult females to accomplish success. Micro-credit has possibly increase income but all this income goes in loan refund alternatively of bettering household life, in instance of failure to refund a barbarous rhythm of indebtness is created and causes more jobs in stead than bettering life criterion. New schemes could be used to alter perceptual experience of work forces about adult females and giving them freedom to command and take their ain determinations and pull off their finance.

Travis perkins performance in the main market Essay

Travis perkins performance in the main market - Essay Example Also, the trading volume of Travis Perkins became excessively high which established a strong performance of the company. This facilitated the inclusion of the company in FTSE 100. The investment banks invested heavily in Travis Perkins due to its strong financial fundamentals and facilitated a noticeable improvement in the performance levels of the company. This resulted in more and more investors including the private and institutional investors to invest in the shares of the company (Shapiro, 2005, p.121). As a result the share prices of the company went up, the trading volume as well as other performance measure metrics for moving into the FTSE 100 became extensively improved. The valuation of the stocks of Travis Perkins went up due to the high support from the investment bankers. As a result of all these factors, Travis Perkins could easily enter into the main index from the FTSE 250. The Board of Directors of Travis Perkins was extremely efficient in terms of strategic management, succession planning as well as risk management. The Board of Directors of Travis Perkins implemented corporate governance practices and management strategies which influenced better performance of the company. The different corporate restructuring processes followed by the management of the company resulted in the increase in the investor attractiveness for the company (Jennings, 2001, p.4). This resulted in a high volume of trading for the shares of Travis Perkins. The performance levels of the company were improved and the company became financially stronger which influenced the investors to invest their money in the stocks of Travis Perkins. The FTSE 100 includes the top 100 companies measured by the capitalization factor. Whereas the FTSE 250 include the next 250 companies, measured by capitalization in the United Kingdom Market (Fay, 2006, p.114). There may be four different stock movements between the two indexes. These include: The stocks of Travis Perkins displayed

Climate Change Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Climate Change Debate - Essay Example Debating on the natural and human actions which affect the climate of a particular region it can be inferred that natural actions takes resort of all the above mentioned factors while as regards to human activities the climatic changes are rendered through the generation of atmospheric and topographic changes. Another set of natural factors which also govern the climatic changes though in an internal way are alterations in the oceanic and atmospheric conditions which in turn emit a lot of energy into the outer atmosphere causing climatic changes. Owing to the intricate relationship of the variables involved the event of climatic change takes a debating turn as to the nature factors viz. human and natural. [1] Causes of Climate Change: The climatic changes in the modern periods have become the potential contributor to the event of global warming. The heating up of the climatic temperatures by the turn of the twentieth century are attributed to a number of natural factors. Many natural events like the happening of the El Nino factor, which has its emergence with the change in the oceanic currents, happen to affect the external atmosphere. Similarly the topography of the earth is also affected by events like volcanic activity and earthquakes, which also result considerable heat and energy to the earth’s atmosphere causing changes in climatic temperatures. The atmosphere of the earth also gets directly affected owing to changes in the flow of radiations emanating from the solar surface, which is also accountable for climatic changes. Further the huge amount of volcanic eruptions on the earth’s surface emits an abundance of harmful gases and chemicals along with heavy dust and ashes into the atmosphere. Some of the gases emitted directly affect the Ozone layer of the atmosphere, which henceforth becomes responsible for climatic changes. Like the host of natural factors mentioned above which contribute to the event of climate change and rising temperatu res the planet’s climatic system is also affected by various manmade activities. The human beings on the earth’s surface from time immemorial have contributed to the burning down of trees and other fossilized energy sources like petrol, which also emit lot of harmful gases and other substances into the atmosphere. Thus both natural and human factors are responsible for the environmental degradation and change in climatic temperatures. Further research conducted shows that the growth of human activities related to the burning of fossil fuels and the spread of the industrialization along with several scientific experiments have caused a great impact in altering the climatic conditions of the summer and winter seasons. It is found that owing to the growth of anthropogenic activities the days of the winter season have been considerably reduced while the summer days have got extended. The incidence of such factors has reduced the effect of the winter season while on the con trary the summer season has obtained a further impetus. Again the effect of the growth of manmade activities have led to such climatic changes that some regions are experiencing more amount of heat waves while other regions are getting considerably colder. The gaseous emissions from both the volcanic eruptions on the earth’s surface and as well as from large nature of human activities are also studied to affect changes in the oceanic temperatures causing it get much cooler than earlier. [2]; [3] Further studies conducted on the manmade factors which render an impact on the climatic temperat

The Ones Who Walked Away from Omelas Essay Example for Free

The Ones Who Walked Away from Omelas Essay I do not think the narrator lives in Omelas, because of the way he compares their society to ours, and â€Å"them† to â€Å"us. † He also never includes himself in his descriptions of them, although that begs the question: how does he know them so intimately if not for having been there? The Omelas society is utopian, intelligent, compassionate, respectful, having no need for law, or clergy, beautifully built; the list goes on. Everything is perfect, all except the hidden child. It seems that the narrator sympathizes with the people of Omelas and understands the quandary they are in. He points out the countless good the citizens do in order to counteract the one terrible hidden blight on their society. He practically states that the reason they ARE so good collectively and what makes it such an amazing place to be is the fact that they do share this knowledge of the child’s torment. It does not seem as though the author shares this sentiment of sympathy, and she wants the reader to abhor what is taking place in Omelas and proclaim we would walk away. The narrator views the one who walk away with incredulity. He cannot even begin to describe where it is they go towards, believing it would be even harder to imagine than Omelas. I do not think he could have been one who walked away from Omelas. He seems very resigned to the belief that idealism should be set aside for pragmatism. The willingness of the author to allow us to add any details we like to her story is added to help us visualize its possibility. These minute details don’t change the bones of the story or the meaning behind the words, they simply help us add to the visual picture in our heads. The desolate room the forsaken child resides in is the basis that the entire utopian and beautiful Omelas society rests itself on. The fact that the coming of age of each member of their society is hinged upon their realization of the child and even more tragic viewing of said child is very symbolic. In today’s world we are slowly made aware that not all are provided the luxuries that many of us are lucky to experience. We also generally learn to live with this knowledge, shove it aside and continue on with our lives. We have come to accept that the needs of the many outweigh the few. Some of us, like those who walk out of Omelas choose to stand up against injustices and walk away from it all. Many more of us use justifications as they did, believing that even if the child was let out it would never really live a meaningful life but instead be bound by fear and the mental anguish of its past in the cellar.

New World Domesticates of the Genus Chenopodium :: Botany

New World Domesticates of the Genus Chenopodium The genus Chenopodium includes a variety of weedy herbs native to much of Europe, Asia, India, China and both North and South America. This genus belongs to the Chenopodiaceae or goosefoot family which also Includes spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and beets (Beta vulgaris). The name chenopodium means goosefoot in Greek, and refers to the resemblance many leaves of Chenopodium have to the webbed feet of geese. There are both wild and domesticated species of the Genus Chenonodium indigenous to the New World. Often regarded as a common weed (Dept. of Agriculture 1955), many different species of Chenopodium can be found growing wild today throughout North and South America. The most significant of these in terms of cultivar progeny and economic utilization are the species Chenopodium berlandieri from Mexico and the Southwestern United States, and Chenopodium bushianum of the Eastern United States. Common names often applied to members of this genus Include goosefoot, lamb's quarter, and occasionally pigweed. Reaching a height of 3-4 feet (the Andean cultivar C. quinoa reaches 6 feet) these annual species propagate via seeds produced between August and November. Well known as a campfollower, Chenopodium is most often found in disturbed soil with in close proximity of human settlements or constructions. Domesticated Chenopods Domesticated species of Chenopodium known today include Chenopodium nuttalliae from central Mexico, and two varieties of Chenopodium quinoa from the Andes of South America. C. guinoa has been dated from archaeological contexts as ancient as 7000 B.P. (Bender 1975:197). From the prehistoric eastern woodlands of North America, it is hypothesized that there once existed a now extinct domesticated chenopod named Chenopodium bushianum ssp. jonesianum (Smith 1987). Among these cultivated species of Chenopodium, the wild mechanisms for seed dispersal and germination dormancy have been lost, seed size has increased dramatically and the seed is light colored because of an extreme reduction of the testa (Wilson and Heiser 1979). Economic Uses Chenopods have long been recognized as a valuable resource for exploitation as food. Cultivation requires a minimum of energy and labor investment. Furthermore, the leaves and fruit (i.e. seeds) of these plants are extremely nutritious. For example, the leaves of Chenopodium albidum L. contain more vitamin A and Ascorbic Acid than the most common garden fruits and vegetables (Zennie and Ogzewalla 1977). The prodigious yields derived from chenopods are also an important factor in terms of its value as a economic resource.

According to Paul Cezanne Essay

Paul Cezanne’s paintings are regarded today as being of considerable importance to the development of modern art. Cezanne’s use of colour as tone and his heavy interest in the formal elements of composition paved the way for artists following on from him to question what they were perceiving and their ability to visually represent what they saw through painting. This essay will be examining the influence that Paul Cezanne had on Cubism and how this elevated the picture into an autonomous object rather than a mere representation of nature. The French Post-Impressionist painter Paul Cezanne, although heavily ignored by the mainstream art sphere centered within Paris, had a considerable impact on Cubism as he laid out the fundamental ideas from which the cubists would create their works. One of the main key points that was central to the cubists was faceting, this reduction of form within the external world and transforming them to geometrical facets, ‘Nature should be treated as cylinders, spheres and cones.’. See more: Examples of satire in adventures of huckfinn essay Cezanne’s manner of depicting reality with inaccuracy and multiple viewpoints divorced itself from the laws of perceptive construction and allowed him to interpret what he saw in a subjective way, he wasn’t interested in merely imitating what he saw onto the canvas but rather to re-think the conventions which restrict traditional painting. A clear departure from traditional painting as a representational phenomenon has taken place, it’s no longer mimetic of nature or reality but rather holds its own reality within itself and painting and art in general is made autonomous through Cezanne’s unique approach. Where other painters saw transient effects of light Cezanne had the ability to perceive geometric structures and thus from his search for underlying structure of composition came Cubism and then Abstraction. In the impressionist movement, and other predecessors to cubism and post-impressionism, artists weren’t concerned in dealing with matters of inner meaning within their paintings, they were simply responding to what they saw which in turn gave little for the viewer to think about. It is here that we see Cezanne’s more conceptual manner of depicting reality by breaking things into obscure shapes and abstracted form, he projects his inner emotion and consciousness onto the canvas to represent a state of mind, ‘The painter’s idea cannot be conceived apart from the means he uses, for it is meaningful only so far as it is embodied in those means, and the deeper his idea the more complete they must be. I am unable to distinguish between my feelings for life and my way of transposing it. A painting must carry all its meanings within itself, and impose it on the viewer before he identifies the subject matter.’. This parallel of representing nature and self by use of facets and high-keyed colour (colour as a subjective device) is something that’s echoed throughout the works of the cubists, specifically the initial stages of this movement. It seems from this point onwards the painting has become a picture object, it’s removed from the shallow confines of our perception and begins to contribute to reality by adding other aspects and elements, ‘ He was, in fact, the first Post-Impressionist to make, as did the Pointillists and eventually the cubists, as structural analysis of nature, producing an art of the mind concerned with emotional apprehension of formal qualities in mountains, women or onions and totally unconcerned with the evanescent effects of light, shade and atmosphere.’ . This manner of painting had seeped into the consciousness of Pablo Picasso and George Braque, although they had obviously added their own elements to form their own individual styles Ceza nne had laid out the basis from which the cubists could build upon. Although Cubism can be categorised into three key phases: Analytical, Hermetic and Synthetic, it is all somewhat representational of reality. Pushed and stretched to its very limits reality has been distorted and forms are no longer instantly apparent, the viewer must project apart of themselves in order to make sense of what is happening within the painting. From the painters view the cubists applied an aspect of analysis in their paintings by which forms became increasingly fragmented, this way of depicting objects, landscapes and people was similar to Cezanne’s work in the way he represented nature. He was looking beyond the mere surface and impressions which met his gaze and focussed on the inner structures that made up things around him, this of course implies careful consideration and a process of analysis. This is something which resonated with Picasso’s work and contributed to his painting Demoiselles d’ Avingon 1908, ‘He took his cue in this partly from Cezanne’s efforts to fashion a way of painting that would lay bare – or at least open up for exploration by the viewer – the complex process of pictorial representation’. Upon looking at the works of Picasso’s Demoiselles d’ Avingon 1908 and even George Braque’s Houses at L’Estaque 1908, we can indicate a clear influence that is derived from Cezanne’s style of this alignment of nature and the artist. In Braque’s painting we note a visible colour palette which has been simplified and the use of structure that has been used in order to re-create nature, all of which is comparable to Cezanne’s painting Mont Sainte-Victoire 1902-04. However, Braque has accentuated certain elements resulting in a more systematic , clean and simplified style, ‘Yet unlike Cezanne, Braque pushes the juxtaposition of different perspectives to the point of contradiction, and underscores it with a quite arbitrary distribution of light and shade; rooflines fail to meet walls, spaces and solids are elided, buildings are stacked up against one another like playing cards, and in the absence of a horizon the landscape is compress ed into the space of a low relief.’. (FOOTNOTE: Movements in Modern Art Cubism, David Cottington, pg. 22)We notice a clear direction towards further abstraction in terms of form and colour and as cubism progresses these abstractions are further emphasised until reality is barely visible and only signals and indications of things are implied to the viewer. In addition, Picasso’s painting held similar elements of Cezanne’s style and although his painting Demoiselles d’ Avingnon is regarded as more of a proto-cubist artwork in a way it planted the seeds of his style which would later blossom and carry the cubist movement. He is still referencing Cezanne in terms of geometric shapes, limited colours, the fusions between negative and positive shapes and also the arbitrary use of light as he sees fit. Moving away from Demoiselles d’ Avingnon and focussing on Cottage and Trees (La Rue-des-Bois) 1908, again we see a direct correlation in terms of style to Cezanne’s and even Braque’s painting Houses at L’Estaque, in terms of subject matter it’s quite similar; fragmented shapes are used to signify a landscape with houses and contorted trees, however this use of shapes is further abstracted from that of Cezanne’s and Braque’s and again we see the use of colour being completely redundant in terms of imitating the world. The painting has become a complex of invented forms, singular viewpoints, accurate proportions and visual representation are no longer necessary, ‘Picasso independently emphasises each elemnt – volume, line, plane, light and shade – even at the expense of compositional unity. The effect is to maximise the dynamic effect of the painting.’. The emancipation of pictorial elements of line and colour elevated the painting to the picture object, as these elements no longer needed to be used objectively to depict the reality in which we are all submitted to, rather the artists can form the basis of a painting from reality and meet it halfway through his use of representing the internal reality which he is mentally experiencing. Cezanne used a process of analysis and reflection in creating his work which then influenced the cubists to constitute their own individual reality and project it onto the canvas. The result being fragmented geometric shapes which accentuate certain elements of figures, subjective and limited use of colour and an overall less naturalistic representation of what is directly being observed, this in turn helped painters like the cubists to re think what they were painting and also to think of what painting in general could be.

Standards of Mgss

STANDARDS FOR THE MDGs I TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover PageI Table of ContentsII BodyIII ReferencesIV II THE MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS What are MDGs? Following the adoption of the United Nations Millenium Declaration, the Millenium Development Goals was established in 2000. Because of its extensive goals, the MDGs are being assisted by government organizations in trying to achieve those goals, among them are the following: the United Nations Millenium Campaign, the Millenium Promise Alliance Inc. the Global Poverty Project, the Micah Challenge, the Youth in Action EU Programme, â€Å"Cartoons in Action† video project, and the 8 Visions of Hope global art project. The main goal of the MDGs is to effect development by improving social and economic conditions in the world’s poorest countries. These are derived from earlier international development targets, which were officially established after the Millenium Summit in 2000, where the United Nations Millenium Declaration was adopted.These MDGs were developed from the eight chapters of Millennium Declaration, which was signed in September, 2000. The effect was that developing nations were not seen as left to achieve the MDG goals by themselves, but rather as a partner in the developing-developed compact to reduce world poverty. There are eight goals with 21 targets, and a series of measurable health indicators and economic indicators for each target. However, there are still drawbacks in the MDGs which includes shortsightedness where analytical power is concerned and the justification behind the chosen objectives.Because of the joint responsibility of developing and developed countries for achieving the MDGs, the possibility of it becoming a success continuously increases and is still reinforced by their 189-country support. At present, there is no uniformity as far as progress towards reaching the goals is concerned. The goal of empowering women has progressed towards the MDGs, and there is a strong enc ouragement to increase emphasis on gended mainstreaming debelopment policies and collecting data based on gender.As a result, a major conference was held at the UN headquarters in New York on 20-22 September 2010 to review progress, with five years left to the 2015 deadline. There were new commitments on women’s and children’s health, and major new initiatives in the worldwide battle against poverty, hunger and disease. It is obvious that developed countries continuously provide aid for the achievement of the MDGs which have been rising over the recent years, and has shown that more than half is towards debt relief owed by poor countries.The Australian government itself committed to providing 0. 5% of GNI in International Development Assistance by 2015-2016. One of the improvements provided by the MDGs is the provision of more health services to the developing countries. Researchers suggest that developed countries should treat global health inequalities and humanitari an issue being a part of national strategy. During the 2010 Summit, member states initiated steps towards advancing the Post-2015 Development Agenda and are now developing a process of open, inclusive consultations on the post-2015 agenda.Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon appointed 26 civil society, private sector, and government leaders from all regions to a high-level panel to advise on the global development agenda beyond 2015. An organization which aims to increase support to achieve the Millennium Development Goals and seek coalition for partners of action is the role of the United Nations Millennium Campaign. UN Goals is dedicated to spreading knowledge of the millennium goals through many different means by means of various internet and offline awareness campaigns. Ethical Bases for the Establishment of MDGsThe Following are the eight goals of the MDGs: * Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; * Achieve universal primary education; * Promote gender equality and empower women; * Re duce child mortality; * Improve maternal health; * Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases; * Ensure environmental sustainability; and * Develop a global partnership for development UNDP assists people at all levels of society in helping to build nations that can withstand crisis, and work for, and sustain the kind of growth for the improvement of the quality of life for everyone.The focus is to help countries to build and share solutions to achieve Poverty Reduction and the Millenium Development Goals, Democratic governance, Crisis Prevention and Recovery, Environment and Energy for Sustainable Development. In Uruguay for example, an extensive children’s health program has reduced rates of malnutrition, prematurity, low birth weight and other markers in the department of Canelones. In Darfur, Sudan, a rule-of-law programme is helping promote and improve equal access to justice. In China, farmers are being trained to adapt farming techniques to international trading stand ard, providing them with greater profits.In Brazil, eco-stoves that retain heat longer and are easier to oversee, provide indigenous people to lead healthier lives. According to the 2013 Human Development Report, there is a profound shift in global dynamics driven by the fast-rising new powers of the developing world and its long-term implications for human development. UNDP can be felt in more than 170 countries and territories and decades of concrete development experience in countries ranging from fragile States to middle-income countries like Brazil and Indonesia.These and other developments qualify the MDGs to answer the call for a better and more sustainable future. * Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger There is always the realization that in the midst of our comfort zones, the stark reality exists where in some parts of the world, people are living in extreme poverty. Much to the desire of those who have more, like the developed countries, still, it lowers the morale to see this extreme poverty manifested in different forms, like the number of displaced refugees that remain high, despite the repatriation in 2011. Achieve Universal Primary Education We cannot do away with the reality that young adolescents from poor and rural households are more likely to be out of school. Everyone has that moral obligation to solve the problem of others, even if we think they can also be capable of helping themselves. * Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women We know that there are already women representations in the governments of nations but it is a fact that the pace is slow. This MDG effort aims to answer the ethical question of gender equality. Reduce child Mortality Every child has a right to be born, nurtured and nourished until maturity. However, the fact remains that in some parts of the world, the rate of child mortality is alarmingly high. We are compelled to do our best to address this problem through the ethical basis of concern. We do exist not only fo r ourselves but for the less fortunate others as well. * Improve Maternal Health Women are the strength of society. Their health are most important so much so that they are the determinants of the rise and fall of any society.Their roles as mothers entail that they should be in their best of health. Thus, an ethical calling for maternal concern is likewise being answere by the MDGs. * Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and Other Diseases Universal concern suggests that humans should continue to sustain on earth. Thus, there is a need to improve advancements in medicine, health and technology. This is not a matter of ordinary necessity, but one of humanitarian consideration that should be inherent in each one of us. * Ensure Environmental SustainabilityThis is likewise another moral obligation that needs regular attention. * Develop a Global Partnership for Development Efforts to sustain development is not the job of a single organization. People of all ages from all walks of life must unders tand they should treat themselves as stewards of wealth and nature and thus, it is pertinent that each person must regard mimself or herself as a contributing partner to the goals of the MDG. REFERENCES * http://www. undp. org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/mdg_goals/mdg3/ * http://www. undp. rg/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/mdg_goals/mdg2/ * http://www. undp. org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/mdg_goals/mdg1/ * http://www. undp. org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview. html * Halve by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water United Nations Millennium Development Goals website, retrieved 16 June 2009. * http://www. oecd. org/dac/theoecdandthemillenniumdevelopmentgoals. htm * MDGs†. YouTube. Retrieved 2012-10-14. â€Å"Welcome to the Development Education online Depository! â€Å". Developmenteducation. nfo. * Subramanian, Savitha; Joseph Naimoli, Toru Matsubayashi, David Peters (2011). â€Å"Do We Have the Right Models for Scalingà ‚   Up Health Services to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals? â€Å". BMC Health Services Research  11  (336). *   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Goal  :: Improve Maternal Health†. Mdg Monitor. 2012-10-18. * â€Å"United Nations Millennium Development Goals†. Un. org. 2008-05-20. 2012-10-18 * â€Å"Goal  :: Develop a Global Partnership for Development†. Mdg Monitor. 2012-10-18 * â€Å"Goal: Tracking the Millennium Development Goals†. MDG Monitor. 1 November 2007. 2012-10-14. IV

Narodnaya Volya (The Peoples Will, Russia)

Narodnaya Volya (The People's Will, Russia) Narodnaya Volya or The Peoples Will was a radical organization that sought to overturn the autocratic regime of the Tsars in Russia. Founded in:  1878 Home Base:  St. Petersburg, Russia (formerly Leningrad) Historical Context Narodnaya Volyas roots can be found in the revolutionary impulse that swept Europe in the late 18th and 19th century. Some Russians were deeply impressed by the American and French  revolutions and began seeking ways to encourage  ideals  of the French Enlightenment in Russia as well. The ideals of political liberation were intermixed with socialism- the idea that there should be some equitable distribution of property among societys members. By the time that Narodnaya Volya was created, there had been revolutionary stirrings in Russia for nearly a century. These crystallized in the late 19th century into a plan of action among the Land and Liberty group, who began to take concrete steps toward encouraging a popular revolution. This was also the goal of Narodnaya Volya. At that time, Russia was a feudal society in which peasants called serfs worked the land of wealthy notables. Serfs were semi-slaves with no resources nor rights of their  own and were subject to the despotic rule of their rulers for their livelihood. Origins Narodnaya Volya grew out of an earlier organization called Zemlya Volya (Land and Liberty). Land and Liberty was a secret revolutionary group organized to encourage revolutionary impulses among Russian peasants. This position stood in contrast to the other view of the time, in Russia, that the urban working class would be the primary force behind a revolution. Land and Liberty also used terrorist tactics to achieve its goals, from time to time. Objectives They sought democratic and socialistic reforms of Russian political structure, including the creation of a constitution, the introduction of universal suffrage, freedom of expression and the transfer of land and factories to the peasants and laborers who worked in them. They saw terrorism as an important tactic in achieving their political  objectives and identified themselves as terrorists. Leadership and Organization The Peoples Will was run by a Central Committee that was tasked with planting revolutionary seeds among peasants, students, and workers through propaganda and to bring that revolution into effect through targeted violence against government family members. Notable Attacks 1881: Tsar Alexander II is assassinated by a Narodnaya Volya bomb in St. Petersburg, following several earlier attempts to kill him.1880: A bomb is set off below the dining room of the Tsars Winter Palace, in one of the efforts to kill Alexander. He was unharmed, reportedly because he was late for dinner, but nearly 70 others were injured.Other government officials in Russia, selected for their symbolic significance.

5 Top Tips for Using Google Docs

5 Top Tips for Using Google Docs 5 Top Tips for Using Google Docs Google Docs is a free alternative to traditional word processors like Microsoft Word. But if you’re going to make the most of this app, you’ll need to know how it works. Check out our list of five great functions you can use while creating a document in Google Docs. 1. Use Version History to Track Changes Microsoft Word has a tool called Track Changes that lets you record edits made to a document. But Google Docs does this automatically, saving each new version of the document as you go. You can see the â€Å"version history† of your document by either: Going to File Version history See version history Using the shortcut Ctrl + Alt + Shift + H Viewing the version history in a document. This will open a menu with a list of the different versions of your document. Clicking one of these will show you the changes from the previous version. As well as letting you review edits, you can use this to restore older versions of a document. This can be especially useful if you have shared a document and someone else has made changes. And if you want to suggest changes without changing a document, you can use the Suggesting†¦ tool. Editing and viewing options. 2. Find and Replace Text You can access the basic search function in Google Docs via the shortcut Ctrl + F. This will let you find specific terms quickly, which is helpful if you’re editing a longer document. Alternatively, you can access the Find and replace†¦ tool by: Going to Edit Find and replace†¦ Using the shortcut Ctrl + H Searching a Google document. You can use this to quickly replace certain words or expressions. You can also use it to conduct advanced searches, such as matching the case of text. The Match using regular expressions option, meanwhile, allows you to use special commands to look for specific types of   text. 3. Leaving Comments As well as suggesting edits, Google Docs lets you comment on documents. You can do this by: Going to Insert Comment Using the shortcut Ctrl + Alt + M You can then write a comment for yourself or other users. And you can respond to comments by clicking Reply†¦ You can even tag someone in a comment by typing a â€Å"+† sign followed by their email address, which can be very useful if you are co-editing a document with a colleague. A comment in Google Docs. 4. Adding Bookmarks In longer documents, you may want to quickly navigate between sections. To make this easy, all you need to do is add bookmarks in the relevant places: Place the cursor wherever you want a bookmark Go to Insert Bookmark in the menu system A bookmark in a Google document. This will create a visual marker on the page. If you click this marker, you’ll also see a Link option, which you can use to create a list of bookmarks (like a table of contents) for quick access. You can also use bookmark links to direct someone to a specific part of a Google document. 5. Sharing and Exporting Google Docs To share a Google document with someone else, all you need to do is: Click the Share button in the top right of the screen Enter the name(s) or email address(es) of the recipients Click the edit permissions button (i.e., the pencil icon) and select whether the recipients will be able to view, comment or edit the document Click Done to share the document Sharing a Google document. Alternatively, you can click the Share button and then click Get shareable link to copy a URL to your clipboard. Anyone you share this link with will then be able to access the document. You can also remove sharing permissions via the Advanced button in the bottom right of the sharing menu. Finally, you can also export a Google Doc and download it as another file type for printing or distribution. To do this: Go to File Download as†¦ Select a file type from the list (e.g., Microsoft Word document or PDF) Downloading a Google document. This will also let you share or edit the document via a different program.

Compare and contrast Confucius and Zhuangzi Essay

Compare and contrast Confucius and Zhuangzi - Essay Example The Confucian school of thought in the 5th century B.C. laid the groundwork for the codification and compression of the various strands of Chinese thought into a coherent and accessible whole. Confucius also paved the way for the proper codification of the culture prevalent during his time. The Ethics taught by Confucius is considered by many as a kind of virtue ethics, where the behavior of people are procured by witnessing living examples instead of just following rules that teach behavior. Confucius was born in 521 B.C. into an aristocratic family of a lower order of impoverished knights. He lived during the second half of the Zhou dynasty (1027-256 B.C.) a period of constant civil strife, when feudalism had broken down, and there was a breakdown of government machinery and moral standards had become lax. Confucius was determined to remedy the situation and believed that the only way of doing it, was to go back to the days of antiquity and follow the principles and precepts set out by the wise men of the time. Armed with this determination and backed by the knowledge of the wise of yore, Confucius set up a school. Confucius’ philosophy was centered on humanism and he stressed upon the free will of individuals. Zhuangzhi, also known as Chuang Tzu, is another great Chinese thinker whose writing has a more philosophical tone, albeit it also stresses on what Confucius taught. Both thinkers laid great emphasis on the idea of Dao and De. Dao is the monistic theory that is responsible for the spontaneity that is found in all phenomena, while De or the â€Å"Inner Power† is the manifestation of these phenomena. It is the inherent power in an individual that can be built by practice and lead to a better life. As humans engage in cultivating their inner selves, it creates a ripple effect, and soon the results of the enlightened human are felt by the social and political system. Thomas Berry says

Woodrow Wilson vs Henry Cabot Lodge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Woodrow Wilson vs Henry Cabot Lodge - Essay Example Summarize both positions" October 08, 2013 Essay, History and Political Science: Woodrow Wilson vs Henry Cabot LodgE This paper discuses the conflict and dispute between Mr. Woodrow Wilson, the Democrat President of USA and Henry Cabot Lodge, the Republican chairperson of the Senate Foreign relations Committee, in 1919 after WWI. The arguments were about the League of Nations that was formed as a part of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. This paper summarizes the augments and positions of both personalities. The discussion will also examine the vision that was most appropriate for the US in 1919 and which is most appropriate for the US today. Summary of arguments by Mr. Wilson: Before WWI USA lived in a state of isolation, separated as it was from Europe by the great ocean and it did adopted the policy of 'isolationism'. Britain and other European nations forced many trade restrictions on USA in a bid to curb its influence. During WWI, USA did not initially join the war and it only join ed later and sided with the allies and its participation turned the tide and the allies won the war. President Wilson wanted to make use of this newfound status as a powerful force and supported the League of Nations. The League was a formal group of nations that had the main mission of maintaining peace and avoiding wars.