Modern Accounting Systems

For the past ten years I have been running my own business, Decisive Realty. I am a real estate investor that purchases apartment building and rent them out to tenants. This has caused me to manage my finances by creating my own accounting methods. My methods are effective but require a lot of brushing and polishing. In other word, it needs to be revamp. Taking this class has made me realize possibilities that I will implement to be more efficient. The accounting system that I have learn over the past five weeks will be applied to my business to make it more manageable, alleviate the guess works, and assist me in measuring success or failure. Modern accounting has assisted small business like mine and large corporations to organize their business and keep track of important details. In this paper I will present circumstances where modern accounting has contributed to the success of businesses. I will also present examples of modern accounting systems assisted modern organization in the business world. Accounting is the recording, tracking, and reporting of the finances of an organization. Having several apartments is a service that involves the managing of rent collection, maintenance, utilities, and repairs just to name a few. All of which includes financial aspects that need to be accounted for. Without accounting businesses would be at risk and susceptible to failure. Accounting can be traced back to the beginning of civilization. The history of accounting has participated in the development of money and banking which are essential to our livelihood. It has also saved many industries and entrepreneurs from bankruptcy. Large and small businesses depend on accurate and useful information. That is why accounting has provided businesses the ability to operate efficiently. Unless the practice of accounting is handled ethically then the information is useless and businesses could fail. The current world of business and accounting is based on the computer and the information revolution. The revolution has been on going for past decades and continues to advance. Throughout the periods the computer has proved to be suitable for accounting. Since computers works at high speed a number of routine accounting and other functions can be process. It can efficiently crunch the repetitive transactions of account receivable and payable, inventories, and payroll. The efficiency of the computer reduces errors when documenting these types of transactions. â€Å"The most important accounting use of the computer is the areas of decision making. Since the computer can process a lot of accounting information and can co-relate a number of variables, it is of big help in inventory control, production scheduling, market research and distribution logistic, etc. The accounting use of the computer is in such applications which could not be handled before the advent of computers. Therefore, the management of a modern business concern can plan its production, keep check on its inventories, work out the best method of distribution of products and reach the most optimum course action through the help of modern computers. † (Vataliya, K. S. 2008. P 19). The modern world accelerates towards new economic system and the means of manual functions has been replaced by computers and other devices; accounting is not excluded. The technology that is involved with accounting was developed to deal with complicated calculations involved with accounting in organizations. The technology facilitated routine work associated with accounting which made organization accounting department function efficiently. Some example of efficiency includes â€Å"the number of steps taken from posting vouchers to the preparation of final statement of account is fewer than those needed under the manual system. This is because the basic data does not have to be copied out again and again. This eliminates errors and makes for greater accuracy. The system followed, however, depends upon the type of computer used. (Vataliya, K. S. 2009. P 81). Information systems have to be effective by providing control, compatibility, flexibility, and a good cost/benefit relationship. (Horngren 2009 P 354). Modern organizations are responsible for internal control by first ensuring automated accounting procedures are optimum. Decisive Realty has what I would call a functional substandard accounting system. That is because it work but not efficient. System compatibility is necessary to en sure that it works smoothly with personnel and organization structure. One compatible awareness is ensuring that the correct software suites the size or structure of an organization. Decisive Realty has a land lady (my wife), she consistently complains that I am the only one that understand the functions of the excel program. Decisive Realty will use QuickBooks program in the future and ensure that the land lady is train. An organization accounting system must be flexible. Businesses sometime tend to grow or change, and flexibility assures the capability to accommodate changes. Decisive Realty has plans to expand but would be unwise until a legitimate accounting system is put in place to accommodate the complexity of accounting. Lastly, managers have to determine which method of accounting benefits a business financially. The determination can be made base on the size of the organization. Using a CPA to conduct my real estate accounting would not be an economical good choice when I can use a program like QuickBooks. After further investment and more properties are involve then need for a CPA would be necessary. Modern Accounting Systems For the past ten years I have been running my own business, Decisive Realty. I am a real estate investor that purchases apartment building and rent them out to tenants. This has caused me to manage my finances by creating my own accounting methods. My methods are effective but require a lot of brushing and polishing. In other word, it needs to be revamp. Taking this class has made me realize possibilities that I will implement to be more efficient. The accounting system that I have learn over the past five weeks will be applied to my business to make it more manageable, alleviate the guess works, and assist me in measuring success or failure. Modern accounting has assisted small business like mine and large corporations to organize their business and keep track of important details. In this paper I will present circumstances where modern accounting has contributed to the success of businesses. I will also present examples of modern accounting systems assisted modern organization in the business world. Accounting is the recording, tracking, and reporting of the finances of an organization. Having several apartments is a service that involves the managing of rent collection, maintenance, utilities, and repairs just to name a few. All of which includes financial aspects that need to be accounted for. Without accounting businesses would be at risk and susceptible to failure. Accounting can be traced back to the beginning of civilization. The history of accounting has participated in the development of money and banking which are essential to our livelihood. It has also saved many industries and entrepreneurs from bankruptcy. Large and small businesses depend on accurate and useful information. That is why accounting has provided businesses the ability to operate efficiently. Unless the practice of accounting is handled ethically then the information is useless and businesses could fail. The current world of business and accounting is based on the computer and the information revolution. The revolution has been on going for past decades and continues to advance. Throughout the periods the computer has proved to be suitable for accounting. Since computers works at high speed a number of routine accounting and other functions can be process. It can efficiently crunch the repetitive transactions of account receivable and payable, inventories, and payroll. The efficiency of the computer reduces errors when documenting these types of transactions. â€Å"The most important accounting use of the computer is the areas of decision making. Since the computer can process a lot of accounting information and can co-relate a number of variables, it is of big help in inventory control, production scheduling, market research and distribution logistic, etc. The accounting use of the computer is in such applications which could not be handled before the advent of computers. Therefore, the management of a modern business concern can plan its production, keep check on its inventories, work out the best method of distribution of products and reach the most optimum course action through the help of modern computers. † (Vataliya, K. S. 2008. P 19). The modern world accelerates towards new economic system and the means of manual functions has been replaced by computers and other devices; accounting is not excluded. The technology that is involved with accounting was developed to deal with complicated calculations involved with accounting in organizations. The technology facilitated routine work associated with accounting which made organization accounting department function efficiently. Some example of efficiency includes â€Å"the number of steps taken from posting vouchers to the preparation of final statement of account is fewer than those needed under the manual system. This is because the basic data does not have to be copied out again and again. This eliminates errors and makes for greater accuracy. The system followed, however, depends upon the type of computer used. (Vataliya, K. S. 2009. P 81). Information systems have to be effective by providing control, compatibility, flexibility, and a good cost/benefit relationship. (Horngren 2009 P 354). Modern organizations are responsible for internal control by first ensuring automated accounting procedures are optimum. Decisive Realty has what I would call a functional substandard accounting system. That is because it work but not efficient. System compatibility is necessary to en sure that it works smoothly with personnel and organization structure. One compatible awareness is ensuring that the correct software suites the size or structure of an organization. Decisive Realty has a land lady (my wife), she consistently complains that I am the only one that understand the functions of the excel program. Decisive Realty will use QuickBooks program in the future and ensure that the land lady is train. An organization accounting system must be flexible. Businesses sometime tend to grow or change, and flexibility assures the capability to accommodate changes. Decisive Realty has plans to expand but would be unwise until a legitimate accounting system is put in place to accommodate the complexity of accounting. Lastly, managers have to determine which method of accounting benefits a business financially. The determination can be made base on the size of the organization. Using a CPA to conduct my real estate accounting would not be an economical good choice when I can use a program like QuickBooks. After further investment and more properties are involve then need for a CPA would be necessary.

How to Solve Youth Unemployment Essay

One in five young adults in Britain is unemployed, more than twice the rate for the workforce as a whole. And (temporarily, I hope) I am one of them. Yet I am convinced there has never been a better time to be young. The world is bursting with opportunity; every day, new inventions answer questions we had never thought to ask. It’s time to tackle youth unemployment in that spirit; as Einstein said, â€Å"we can’t solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them.† Generation Y should stop asking â€Å"why me?† and start asking â€Å"why not?† First, we must adopt the right mindset: positive in outlook and global in ambition. For optimism stems, not from denying change, but from recognizing the possibilities it presents. The job-for-life has gone – but so has the tedium of career monogamy. International competition has intensified – but also opened up new opportunities abroad. Woolworths, Borders and Comet won’t be hiring again – but if Amazon brought them down, simultaneously it is enabling sole traders and aspiring authors to reach a wider audience than ever before. So let’s forget misplaced nostalgia and address the heart of the problem. Youth unemployment has been rising for a decade; the financial crisis can’t take all the blame, but it can teach us to challenge easy assumptions. â€Å"Education is getting better† – but by indiscriminately awarding top grades, aren’t exam boards just aping credit ratings agencies? â€Å"Everyone must go to university† – but since housing crashed when supply exceeded demand, are we surprised the same happened with graduates? â€Å"Studying is always a good investment† – yet if excessive leverage can bring down banks and even governments, should students continue amassing record debts with only wishful thinking as collateral? Education reform should be a priority. At university level, online courses potentially enable students to better align their programme with their interests and circumstances. They provide welcome competition to established institutions; let’s support them. A â€Å"DIY† approach to study is both increasingly possible and often necessary; indeed, many of the best coders are self-taught. We should sponsor entrepreneurship as PayPal co-founder, Peter Thiel, has done with his â€Å"20 Under 20† initiative, encouraging smart youngsters to believe in themselves and not to fear failure. And we should drop the snobbery; real-world experience such as travel or volunteering can yield greater benefits than the narrow, rigid and costly undergraduate degree to which we mistakenly still attach totemic significance. The school curriculum, too, needs to offer courses with real business value to help school leavers find work. It is hardly â€Å"dumbing down† if it engages pupils and better equips them for adulthood. Employers have a far greater role to play. They now expect to train and re-train people continuously – there were no Android developers 10 years ago – so why not start younger? Instead of complaining that new hires arrive ill-prepared, companies should connect with them earlier by providing mentors and apprenticeships, building on the concept of the â€Å"talent incubator†. It will improve their business and give young people a sense of responsibility and purpose – not to mention more routes into the workplace. Third, let’s encourage mentoring more widely. A few years ago I worked with a Prince’s Trust pilot programme which stationed mentors in some of the country’s most deprived areas. We reached out to young people who often had no one else to help them write a CV, apply for training or prepare for an interview. I saw how reassurance and motivation can do wonders for their mindset and morale, and hence their employability. Companies, community groups, Service veterans, and individual volunteers (that’s you and me) should all get involved. For underprivileged youngsters in particular, a good mentor represents both an anchor and a sail. Fourth, we should focus our energies where the problem is most acute, in the communities where the rising tide that typically â€Å"lifts all boats† merely hides the wrecks. No one is more desperate than children of workless families: without someone to look up to, their odds of finding gainful employment are far worse than four-in-five. Where we can reform the benefits system to further incentivize work, where we can more constructively help people re-train, we should do so – but it requires human input too. We who have been fortunate – good job, good education, loving family – should return the favour. It is not enough to say, â€Å"I pay my taxes†. Civic society cannot flourish on gold alone; it needs love. An introduction, a reference, a receptive ear: it needn’t take much to give someone a leg up in life. It has become contentious to say, â€Å"we are in it together†. But we are certainly stronger together. Finally, we should remove barriers to job creation. Employers’ National Insurance increases the cost of employing someone; if we want to boost employment, there mustbe smarter ways to raise revenue than by taxing jobs. We should also look again at well-intentioned labour laws that protect incumbent workers but often hinder businesses from responding to change and hiring new talent. It is not clear that this makes staff any safer – not at General Motors, Hostess Brands or Scandinavian Airlines – but it does help to explain why joblessness remains highest among the young. Youth unemployment has deep roots. Combating it requires us to challenge conventional wisdom: by removing, where possible, disincentives to hire and to work; by reforming schools and universities; by ramping up apprenticeships and mentoring. Teachers and parents, business leaders and policy makers all have a crucial part to play. It will not be easy; the march of progress – â€Å"creative destruction†, in Schumpeter’s phrase – is not without its casualties. Yet creativity is what we youngsters do best. Our fresh, radical and positive minds must seize the initiative, continually re-imagining the future amid the whirlwind of the present. We need leaders. There’s a job for the young, right away.

Conflict Spectrum in Crime and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conflict Spectrum in Crime and Analysis - Essay Example Prior to September 11, many undocumented workers did not have the correct validation, which creates a huge security burden in America. The Department of Defense has recognized this as a fact false or poor screened background checks were common, which made an easy avenue for terrorists to enter the country without proper validation. This new policy has been the hallmark of the new policy at 2015. This is undoubtedly a huge step up from the previous policies because policies dictate results when fighting crime and cybercrime as well. Secondly, Clark is calling for a mutual support when combatting crime and insists of a collaborative effort than cellos that are created within the organization. This has been prominent as the complexity of crimes has increased from previous years. Clark calls for a mesh network analysis in which agencies worked together to ensure that they are sharing information rather than chasing leads by

Effective team performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Effective team performance - Essay Example This assignment will help an individual apply accurate concepts learnt about teamwork and involve them in handling various issues that will arise in the field when teamwork will be required. The assignment involves a reflection analysis of experiences received during a team work activity (Christopher, 2001, pp.23-35). Our space ship just crash-landed on the moon and been destroyed leaving us with a few items for use. We are required to locate a mother ship 200 miles away. Among the items left, we are expected to select items that will be of critical importance to us and work together as a team to reach the mother ship. The purpose of this assignment is to give a reflective analysis of how through effective team performance and cooperation we were able to achieve our mission (Hackman, 1987, pp.45-46). Every member of a team needs to understand the prevailing situation and mission of the team. Defining and appreciating the situation will be necessary to determine key areas to be undertaken. Definition of tasks and expectations from every member needs to be analysed before actual allocation of existing tasks to members (World Neighbohs, 2001, pp.22-24). The process of team formation will be analysed using team development model and feelings of the process of team development will be examined. What was experienced when working with team members through allocation of tasks and general agreement will also be identified (Jerald & Robert, 1997, pp.2-16). Teamwork and performance management concepts will be applied to give a detailed understanding of problems experienced during activity process and how they could be avoided. Since it is teamwork then there are certain activities that were done well and they will also be looked into (Steiner, 1972, pp.8-12). Recommendations will be provided on how to act to such activities the other time members of the team finds itself in that

Assignment U52005 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Assignment U52005 - Essay Example As a basis of Environmental Accounts between the year 1990 and 2003, the overall downfall of greenhouse gas emissions collapses 8.1 percent that is, 786.3 million to 722.3 million tonnes of carbon dioxide. However, there has also been an increase in the greenhouse gas emissions which was about 1.6 percent (in 2003). Electricity generators are held responsible for this increase in the emissions. As far as the gas, water, and electricity companies are concerned, a fall in the emission of greenhouse gases has again seen. It ranges from about 218.6 million tonnes to 192.6 million tonnes from the year 1990 to 2003. The core cause is said to be the excessive use of natural gas instead of coal. However, underlying data show the altitude of greenhouse gas emissions from the electricity generators has augmented in current years. Emissions mounted 6. 7 per cent on the previous year as a result of the larger use of coal for production and a fall in the net level of electricity introduced via the inter-connector with France. Greenhouse gas emissions from the mechanized industries fell from 180.7 million tonnes to 129.3 million tonnes from 1990 to 2003, which is about a fall of 28.5 percent. On the other hand, emissions rose by 3.0 per cent from a low of 125.5 million tonnes (2003 and 2002). The recent increase replicates an increase in emanations from the metal making industries. The downward trend was more or less subjected to exceptions. For example, the emission of greenhouse gases from the transport and communication industries was 48.4 percent more than in 1990 that in 2003. The transport and communication industries were accountable for discharging, in 2003, the counterpart of 95.7 million tonnes of carbon dioxide evaluated with 64.5 million tonnes in 1990. Their greenhouse gas releases rose 5.2 percent on 2002, largely reflecting the progressing rise in the number of UK owned ships subsequent

Exam3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exam3 - Assignment Example This is followed by the table of content that gives a listing of the key sections of the document. This is then followed by an executive summary, which in most cases, is written last after the whole document has been prepared. It usually helps refine and polish the key message of the writing. This is then followed by body the document’s body, which is usually an in-depth explanation of a writer’s ideas. Coming last is the conclusion that provides a summary of the key ideas presented in the body paragraphs. This process involves a preparation that often involves establishing the purpose of the document, assessing the audience, determining the scope of writing as well as selecting the appropriate medium of conveying the message. Research and literature review then follows where the writer seeks to understand the work before he conveys it. Organization follows, and this is where the writer considers options of how best to convey his message and what to convey in his message. The writer then writes a draft where he expands the outline into paragraphs not worrying about the grammar. The final phase is the revision phase where he checks for completeness and accuracy, spelling checks, review mechanics as well as acronyms and abbreviations. Being capable of preparing and delivering a public presentation has more advantages over giving a spontaneous one. It has the advantage of knowing who your audience is, which helps the speaker establish issues of importance such as how many they are, what they already know to avoid duplication of information, why they are there, what they think, and who they really are. It also gives the speaker the advantage of knowing when the occasion will be occurring, the exact timing of the occasion, as well as the duration it will take. In addition, it also enables the speaker to carry out a reconnaissance of the presentation venue

Write a report on the condition of Youth Justice Provision in 2009 Essay

Write a report on the condition of Youth Justice Provision in 2009 (United Kingdom only) - Essay Example Recent studies like the one above demonstrate the persistence of discrimination within the justice system. Attempts are presently being made to counteract the serious joint problems of discrimination and oppression with youth justice. Notions of justice and equality are at the heart of the reforms currently being implemented within the Youth Justice System (Dugmore, et.al 2006). Although the promotion of equality and anti-discrimination measures are not new to the Youth Justice System – they have in fact been under implementation for more than four years – these initiatives are important because they seek to tackle significant institutional issues such as discrimination against visible minorities within the UK’s Youth Justice Arena. Seeking to address the evolution of Youth Justice initiatives, this essay will discuss what has been introduced and evaluate the originality of these new initiatives. Accordingly, we will explore the principles underpinning the initiatives and discuss the consequences of these initiatives for both society and young people within the Youth Justice realm. The effectiveness of these initiatives in dealing with the problem of youth crime will be analyzed and we will critically evaluate what is missing from youth justice provision. Our analysis will focus primarily on the anti-discrimination measures presently being implemented in the United Kingdom’s Youth Justice System and key terms, including discrimination, exclusion, racism, sexism, prejudice, diversity and labelling will be defined to help outline the parameters of this essay. The legal framework for the application of anti-discriminatory practice in youth justice will be elaborated upon and followed by an analysis of the representation of individuals and groups within the Youth Justice System. Finally, this essay will consider why it is

Teaching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Teaching - Essay Example As such the integrated curriculum helps in enhancing learning and teaching. In the skill based curriculum, students are allowed to explore their own skills and goals in a bid to make achievements. This system stresses ability demonstration through various ways. The evaluation method inn this case includes team work and embraces non-academic skills, service consumers, job assessment by supervisors, role playing, interviews, and documentation of experience not relevant to academics. From the principles outlined by the two types of curriculum development, I would decide on the best curriculum through critical evaluation of each type. Therefore, I would choose the skill based curriculum because it focuses on developing not only academic skills but non-academic skills as well. It gives room for the development of non-academic skills that students poses. In the current world, the greatest income earners are those engaged in extra curriculum activities like athletics and soccer. Therefore, if these talents can be nurtured at school, children who fail academically can use their talents to earn their daily bread. Moreover, skill based curriculum is more accountable for situations of learning that link field work and theory. It also promotes dialogue between the academic faculty and field professionals, with students getting the opportunity to actively participate in there areas of interest.

The Impacts of Technological Innovation on Communication Essay

The Impacts of Technological Innovation on Communication - Essay Example Nevertheless, in cases where physical contact is impossible, an effort of writing a letter can be resorted. However, in the latter eras, because of human discontent for development, several crafts have been developed including technology. The rapid innovation on information technology has greatly impacted the way communication process go. There had been an overwhelming revamp on the communication process especially on the matter of how it is being done. The internet which is a very powerful tool in conveying information is arguably the greatest human invention there is. In schools, business establishments, commercial televisions, broadcast news centers, hospitals, etc., technology has become a very important tool in order to hasten the communication process and the delivery of data to which they are supposed to be delivered. In fact, in some schools, just like in South Korea, they are using I.T. application software and programs in order to communicate with 2 English language tutors from the Philippines, United States, and the United Kingdom. In businesses, more appropriately for bigger multi-national companies, especially those that are outsourcing some of their jobs overseas, they use web conferencing tools in order to perform the desired task. In addition, social networking sites, electronic mails, video chat, and live conferencing are also available. One of the best things that technology has contributed to communication is its contribution for faster and more convenient way of dealing with the transfer of information. What are the good impacts of technology to communication? More than just a mere observation, we can all concede that the transmission of information nowadays, with the aid of information technology, is much more accurate, speedy and convenient as compared to what has been used before. These can be proven by our personal experiences. Before the telephone or the mobile communication devices have been invented, the transfer of information was ve ry slow. Now, we can simply communicate remotely by just simply dialling numbers and this is regardless of the distance as long as necessary requirements are met just like the signal and load for mobile phones. In education, a relevant research found out that online discussion is discovered as an effective tool in developing the student’s knowledge. This is because of a consolidated conversation or exchanges of idea through a forum just like the college confidential – an online forum for pre-college and college students which intends to discuss different topics related to education, science, and most especially for the admission process. Similarly, with the help of information technology, there is a chance for the people to get in touch with their loved ones who are situated from a remote location. Most of the 3 time, video chats and social networking sites are the players of the game. People can just sit down with their computers facing toward them and they can commun icate with the people that they want to talk with. What are the drawbacks of information technology on communication? Albeit, we have already conceded that technology is a helpful tool in achieving a faster communication process; nevertheless, it has also its own disadvantages. Most of the people who use computers and internet

Price Discrimination Essay Example for Free

Price Discrimination Essay A seller charging competing buyers different prices for the same commodity or discriminating in the provision of allowances — compensation for advertising and other services — may be violating the Robinson-Patman Act. This kind of price discrimination may give favored customers an edge in the market that has nothing to do with their superior efficiency. Price discriminations are generally lawful, particularly if they reflect the different costs of dealing with different buyers or are the result of a sellers attempts to meet a competitors offering. The Supreme Court has ruled that price discrimination claims under the Robinson-Patman Act should be evaluated consistent with broader antitrust policies. In practice, Robinson-Patman claims must meet several specific legal tests: 1.The Act applies to commodities, but not to services, and to purchases, but not to leases. 2.The goods must be of like grade and quality. 3.There must be likely injury to competition (that is, a private plaintiff must also show actual harm to his or her business). 4.Normally, the sales must be in interstate commerce (that is, the sale must be across a state line). Competitive injury may occur in one of two ways. Primary line injury occurs when one manufacturer reduces its prices in a specific geographic market and causes injury to its competitors in the same market. For example, it may be illegal for a manufacturer to sell below cost in a local market over a sustained period. Businesses may also be concerned about secondary line violations, which occur when favored customers of a supplier are given a price advantage over competing customers. Here, the injury is at the buyers level. The necessary harm to competition at the buyer level can be inferred from the existence of significant price discrimination over time. Courts may be starting to limit this inference to situations in which either the buyer or the seller has m arket power, on the theory that, for example, lasting competitive harm is unlikely if alternative sources of supply are available. There are two legal defenses to these types of alleged Robinson-Patman violations: (1) the price difference is justified by different costs in manufacture, sale, or delivery (e.g., volume discounts), or (2) the price concession was given in good faith to meet a competitors price. The Robinson-Patman Act also forbids certain discriminatory allowances or services furnished or paid to customers. In  general, it requires that a seller treat all competing customers in a proportionately equal manner. Services or facilities covered include payment for or furnishing advertising or promotional allowances, handbills, catalogues, signs, demonstrations, display and storage cabinets, special packaging, warehousing facilities, credit returns, and prizes or free merchandise for promotional contests. The cost justification does not apply if the discrimination is in allowances or services furnished. The seller must inform all of its competing customers if any services or allowances are available. The seller must allow all types of competing customers to receive the services and allowances involved in a particular plan or provide some other reasonable means of participation for those who cannot use the basic plan. A more detailed discussion of these promotional issues can be found in the FTCs Fred Meyer Guides. Under certain circumstances, a buyer who benefits from the discrimination may also be found to have violated the Act, along with the seller who grants the discrimination, if the buyer forced, or induced, the seller to grant a discriminatory price. Although proof of a violation of the Robinson-Patman Act often involves complex legal questions, businesses should keep in mind some of the basic practices that may be illegal under the Act. These include: †¢below-cost sales by a firm that charges higher prices in different localities, and that has a plan of recoupment; †¢price differences in the sale of identical goods that cannot be justified on the basis of cost s avings or meeting a competitors prices; or †¢promotional allowances or services that are not practically available to all customers on proportionately equal terms. Under the Nonprofit Institutions Act, eligible nonprofit entities may purchase — and vendors may sell to them — supplies at reduced prices for the nonprofits own use, without violating the Robinson-Patman Act. The Health Care Services Products Division issued a recent advisory opinion discussing the application of this exemption to pharmaceutical purchases by a nonprofit health maintenance organization. Q: I operate two stores that sell compact discs. My business is being ruined by giant discount chains that sell their products for less than my wholesale cost. What can I do? A: Discount chains may be able to buy compact discs at a lower wholesale price because it costs the manufacturer less, on a per-unit basis, to deal with large-volume customers. If so, the manufacturer may have a cost justification defense  to the differential pricing and the policy would not violate the Robinson-Patman Act. Q: One of my suppliers is selling parts at its company-owned store at retail prices that are below the wholesale price that it charges me for the parts. Isnt this illegal? A: The transfer of parts from a parent to its subsidiary generally is not considered a sale under the Robinson-Patman Act. Thus, this situation would not have the required element of sales to two or more purchasers at different prices. †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Definition of Price Discrimination A pricing strategy that charges customers different prices for the same product or service. In pure price discrimination, the seller will charge each customer the maximum price that he or she is willing to pay. In more common forms of price discrimination, the seller places customers in groups based on certain attributes and charges each group a different price. Investopedia explains Price Discrimination Price discrimination allows a company to earn higher profits than standard pricing because it allows firms to capture every last dollar of revenue available from each of its customers. While perfect price discrimination is illegal, when the optimal price is set for every customer, imperfect price discrimination exists. For example, movie theaters usually charge three different prices for a show. The prices target various age groups, including youth, adults and seniors. The prices fluctuate with the expected income of each age bracket, with the highest charge going to the adult population. Price Discrimination When you were young, did you ever order from the childrens menu in a restaurant? When a family with small children goes to a restaurant, they are often given a childrens menu in addition to the regular menu. If they order two similar items, one from each menu, they will find that the item ordered from the childrens menu will be a bit smaller, but its price will be much smaller. In fact, it would often be worthwhile for the entire family to order from the childrens menu, but they cannot. Restaurants usually only allow children to order from it.1 Why do restaurants use childrens menus?  Economists doubt that restaurant owners have a special love for children; they suspect that the owners find offering childrens menus to be profitable. It can be profitable if adults who come to restaurants with children are, on the average, more sensitive to prices on menus than adults who come to restaurants without children. Children often do not appreciate restaurant food and service, and often waste a large part of their food. Parents know this and do not want to pay a lot for their childs meal. If restaurants treat children like adults, the restaurants may lose customers as families switch to fast-food restaurants. If this explanation is correct, then restaurants price discriminate.2 A seller price discriminates when it charges different prices to different buyers. The ideal form of price discrimination, from the sellers point of view, is to charge each buyer the maximum that the buyer is willing to pay. If the seller in our monopoly example could do this, it could charge the first buyer $7.01, the second buyer $6.51, etc. In this case the marginal revenue curve becomes identical with the demand curve. The seller will sell the economically efficient amount, it would capture the entire consumers surplus, and it would substantially increase profits. The Simple Analytics of Monopoly-Repeated OutputMarginal CostMarginal Benefit Every seller would price discriminate if there were not two major obstacles standing in the way. First, the seller must be able to distinguish between those buyers who are willing to pay a high price from those who are not. Second, there must be substantial difficulty for a low-price buyer to resell to those willing to buy at a high price.3 Because price discrimination is potentially profitable, businesses have found many ways to do it. Theaters often charge younger customers less than adults. Doctors sometimes charge  the rich or insured patient more for services than they charge the poor or uninsured. Grocery stores have a lower price for people who bother to check the newspaper and clip coupons. Some companies, such as firms selling alcoholic beverages, produce similar products but try to promote one as a prestige brand with a much higher price. Electric utilities usually charge lower rates to people who use a lot of electricity (and thus probably have electric stoves and water heaters) than they do to those who use only a little electricity (and who probably have gas stoves and water heaters). Banks offer special interest rates on Certificates of Deposit (CDs) that will not be obtained when one lets a CD roll over. People who are more sensitive to interest rates will take the time and effort to personally renew each maturing CD. To the extent that businesses find ways to price discriminate, they eliminate the triangle of welfare loss and approach the economically efficient amount of production. Thus, the mere existence of monopoly does not prove there is economic inefficiency.

Right and Wrong Ways to Diet

Right and Wrong Ways to Diet Table of Contents (Jump to) Introduction Literature Review What’s Right and Wrong about Eating like a Caveman Insulin Resistance and Weight Gain Indigestion and Heartburn Poor Sleep Nutrient Deficiency Chronic Disease Extra Pounds The Domino Effect Finding and Discussion Poor Brain Function Poor Exercise Capabilities Conclusion References Abstract In this study, the wrong way to diet The consequences of that and right way to diet and exercise is discussed. The Paleo diet with high in protein and low carbohydrates are becoming popular in American restaurants such as HG SPLY Co. that is Dallas, and Hu Kitchen of New York City. Limited diets make the body starve hence slow down the metabolism if someone diet in â€Å"on and off† pattern again and again, according to NEDA. According to MayoClinic.com sleep consultant Dr. Timothy Morgenthaler, balanced snack intake before bed can assist in sleep as going to bed in hunger as well as overeating may disturb the sleep. For losing body fat, both proper diet and exercise is highly effective as compare to dieting alone. Without exercise, the most nutritious low calorie diet would cause loss of muscle mass. One pound of muscle carries just 600 calories or one sixth of calories are present in the pound of fat. The Wrong Way to Diet Introduction A nutritious diet provides satisfactory amount of minerals, vitamins, protein, healthy fats and carbohydrates with the help of different food items. Conversely, a diet that is not good for health, consists of so much saturated and trans fats as well as sodium, cholesterol, added sugars and several processed ingredients with no or very small amount of nutrients. These unhealthy diets can cause poor nutrient-to calorie ratio. This result further leads to increase body weight and multi-nutrition issues related to health. A healthy and balanced diet for the majority of people contains various nutritious foods like fish, fruits, whole grains, nuts, and vegetables, whereas moderate quantity of low nutrient fare is supposed to be problematic, having poor diet even for the short interval of time can put negative results (Waxman, 2005). Having knowledge about the related short term risks become an inspirational factor for making unhealthy diet an exception instead of rule. For making sure the diet is full with the required needs, an individual then must take guidance from registered dietitian. In this study, the wrong way to diet The consequences of thatand right way to diet and exercise is discussed. For this study, literature review focuses on what is right and wrong about eating like a caveman along with the issues of unhealthy diet such as insulin resistance, mood problems etc. The topic seems to be crucial because wrong way to diet can lead to several problems and to know the correct way to diet and exercise is the need of today. Literature Review What’s Right and Wrong about Eating like a Caveman The eating habits of cavemen are not so much well recognized. The question is, do we have to talk about menu cues from the ancestors of ancient age? The Paleo diet with high in protein and low carbohydrates are becoming popular in American restaurants such as HG SPLY Co. that is Dallas, and Hu Kitchen of New York City. The products with inspiration of Paleo including grass-fed beef pemmican that is a native meat paste of America, are among those popular foods groups. Miley Cyrus, some other celebrities and Kobe Bryant are the eager followers of Paleo diet (Sallis, 2008). The Paleo diet has been famous for many years in the U.S. but the current momentum has been significant. The magazine Scientific American stated on June 3rd, that Paleo diet was suspected to be half baked, though the story was ridicules. The magazine proposed as if the caveman was imagining of a lean, tall, ripped and agile young man with 30 years of age; and it was nothing but an invention. In fact, there has been a smart cut down on processed and preserved packaged foods. There was an observation about the idea of gathering foods of stone age, that includes dairy products beans and grain (Aday, 2011). In the same way, the U.S. News ranks the Paleo diet as the food placed at bottom with 31st in the ranking of the â€Å"Best diets Ever† in its 2014 rankings along with the Dukan diet. The magazine stated that the issues were taken by experts with the diet with all measures. As a matter of fact, this has been a lifestyle as well as a weight loss effort that has been programmed with the promotion of the food that has low carbs. Insulin Resistance and Weight Gain Insulin resistance is characterized by a condition in which insulin hormone’s ability to manage the blood sugar is lowered. In this condition, risk for diabetes occurrence increases and weight gain is also one of its consequences. In July 2009, a study published in Molecular Medicine in which eighteen lean and healthy participants consumed high calorie diet for almost four weeks (Aday, 2011). The volunteers gained about ten percent of the body weight by the end of the study as well as nineteen percent of the body fat. They developed medium insulin resistance while they maintained their lean mass. Consuming low calories may also result in weight gain. Limited diets make the body starve hence slow down the metabolism if someone diet in â€Å"on and off† pattern again and again, according to NEDA. Indigestion and Heartburn During or after eating, indigestion leads to uncomfortable sensations in the upper abdomen. The common causes include consumption of fatty foods or eating fast and intake of lot of alcohol or caffeine, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. On the other hand, heartburn occurs in the navel and breast bone characterized by burning or pain often occurs with indigestion (Neinstein, 2008). People can also experience bloating, nausea as well as acid reflux occurring at the time when stomach contents move back into the esophagus. The UMMC suggests eating slowly to prevent indigestion and making eating environment calm enough as well as avoiding exercise just after the meal. Poor Sleep According to MayoClinic.com sleep consultant Dr. Timothy Morgenthaler, balanced snack intake before bed can assist in sleep as going to bed in hunger as well as overeating may disturb the sleep. Fatty and spicy foods before sleep may lead to aggression during night if one is prone to heartburn hence it causes unwanted wake-ups. Poor sleep may lead to other temporary effects of an unhealthy diet for instance, weight gain and decreased brain capabilities and exercise capabilities (Sallis, 2008). Mood Problems Food and nutrients are the basis for the chemicals present in the brain to function properly. The chemicals in the brain promoting positive moods like serotonin and dopamine require proper functioning. Prudent on the calories or carbohydrates that enhance production of serotonin may lead to depression. People taking low carbohydrates have indicated high depression feelings, tension and anger feelings, according to Judith Wurtman, a psychologist as well as director of the Women’s Health Program (Aday, 2011). Feelings of guilt, shame and depression can also be the consequences of overeating that interfere with the blood sugar control and that can disturb the positive moods. Nutrient Deficiency The human body needs a healthy diet in order to get nutrition that further benefits the body to grow, glow, maintain and perform the functions of the body. Different whole and fresh foods, are considered as an plentiful source of nutrients. The American diet, though, many times looks short of sufficient amount of main nutrients like dietary fibers, potassium, calcium and vitamins specially vitamin D. if the calcium is not according to the needs of the body, it can cause loss of bones and shortening of vitamin D that further weakens the bones (Waxman, 2005). The shortage of potassium according to proposed levels can cause muscle weakness and body weaknesses. Failure in getting the proper amount of fiber can cause unhealthy colon and increased risk of heart diseases as well as diabetes. Chronic Disease The nutrients that are gotten from nutrition help the body to fight against diseases. A diet with less nutrients as well as with high amount of fats, sugar or salt, can cause some developed chronic conditions. The intake of unhealthy diet enhances the risk of hypertension, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, as the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 has stated (Aday, 2011). Extra Pounds In order to prevent from chronic disease, the management of weight must be kept in mind as a primary concern. The increased weight has been a major consequence of an unhealthy diet. According to Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the increased weight causes an increased body mass index, or equal to 25 or higher the BMI. Insufficient fruits, whole grains, vegetables are the food elements that many times have contribution in high BMI. The other factors responsible for high BMI include diets with excessive amount of meat, fried foods. The food intake habits that cause high BMI are regular use of beverages with high calories such as soda and lack of physical activities (Sallis, 2008). The Domino Effect If the BMI level reaches equal to 30 or higher, the conditions are considered as obesity. More than thirty five percent of American adult citizens are considered to be having obesity. Obesity is the major cause of increased risk of other health issues. As CDC states, obesity becomes the host of several health concerns including heart disease, type two diabetes, high blood pressure, certain cancers, high cholesterol, sleep apnea, stroke, liver diseases, gallbladder diseases, gynecological issues, osteoarthiritis and infertility (Waxman, 2005). Finding and Discussion There is a simple theory behind the diet: Our hunter-gatherer forebears, who survived on fish and meat that wasn’t saturated with growth-stimulating hormones or antibiotics, and also on fresh vegetables and fruits, were on the right path till the introduction of toxins by Agricultural Revolution into the food chain some 10,000 years back Therefore, the goal is for the 21st Century citizens to go back and eat in such a way that was used by primitive people in the Paleolithic Era, circa around 2million years back. But this is found by dieticians as limited, even choosy, requirements like joining with very pure plants and meats. As put it by American Scientists, â€Å"The Paleo diet is based on privilege more as compare to logic. There are a number of food groups that are restricted by some diets. These diets cannot be described asbalanced diets because they consist of some specific good groups. As food experts have an opinion that there is no connection between the Paleo eaters and their age because what they eat does not prove presence of any life increasing ingredients scientifically, neither there is any connection between their healthy life and the diet they intake (Aday, 2011). Marlene Zuk is an associate of the University of Minnesota in the Biology department. She has an evolutionary character with different objectives. In Paleo-Fantasy, she states that the process of evolution has made people significantly learn about their way of life along with sex and diet. Ripping apart, she states several contemporary concepts with regards to Paleolithic ancestors. She insists on saying that the book was not a dietary book about telling people eating ways but the evolution must be understood by the people (Aday, 2011). Poor Brain Function The brain of humans depends on glucose which comes from the carbohydrates and antioxidants and healthy fats for functioning in a proper manner. In accordance with the published study in December 2009 â€Å"The Journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology†, foods containing fats could through negative effects on the function of brain. A study on rats, in which they are tested significantly by giving high fat diet which resulted in lower cognitive abilities after being eaten the fatty diet (Aday, 2011). Skipping meals or eating limited diets can through same effects which include poor concentration abilities and memory. Poor Exercise Capabilities Eating too little or too much can fatigue, lethargy, and other impacts that become a blockage for doing physical activity. After eating the diets full of fats, the rats in the study â€Å"The Journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology† covered distance 35% less as compare to rats that were given lower amount of fat. In accordance with National Eating Disorders Association, one often confronted with poor muscles, endurance, coordination, oxygen utilization, and strength. Dieting can cause fainting and physical weakness also. To keep the weight in check, one should exercise as well as healthfully eat. According to the research, when people become conscious and devote time to a healthy habit then they pay less attention on the other. People have lower body mass index (BMI) who believe that diet is the most essential factor in weight control as compare to those who think that exercise is significant (Sallis, 2008). In Canada, China, U.S., South Korea and France, researchers asked approximately 1,200 people in the studies about the main factor making people overweight. The height and weight of the participants were also taken for calculating their BMIs. Consequently, those who said eating right is significant to weight control had lower BMIs than those who said to stay active are significant for prevention of obesity. The weight control beliefs of people influenced their food choices. Brent McFerran, PhD and an assistant professor at Ross School of Business said, â€Å"Our beliefs guide our actions†. People might move more as well as focus less on what they eat if they think exercise is significant to weight control. Exercise may support weight loss among other advantages (Waxman, 2005). People watch over to overestimate the amount of calories during compensating for the extra activity by eating more. People should hold onto their gym membership. Staying active help lose weight although it is difficult to slim down with just exercise as it is crucial for the health. Moreover, it highly supports heart health, helps sleep, reduces stress, strengthens bones as well as improves mental health. Exercise not only produces endorphins which increases metabolic rate but it also motivate to eat better. These are the outstanding reasons to hit the gym when one can. Exercise habits as well as diet can determine that either one is gaining body fat or loosing body fat. Both of them determine that how much calories have been taken in and how many used up. One need to control the number of calories attained from a balanced diet to lose body fat as well as one should increase the number of calories which are being burnt through exercise. For losing body fat, both proper diet and exercise is highly effective as compare to dieting alone. Without exercise, the most nutritious low calorie diet would cause loss of muscle mass. One pound of muscle carries just 600 calories or one sixth of calories are present in the pound of fat. Therefore, muscle calories can be lost much faster as compare to fat. One should anticipate to lose less than one percent body fat in a month or about one to two pounds of fat in a week because a pound of fat contain approximately 3,500 calories (Neinstein, 2008). Muscles are losing if someone losing any more than that of mentioned value. One simply is not able to hasten fat loss. It is not possible to gain fat overnight and also it is not possible to lose fat overnight. However, the losses attained would be permanent. The consequences may be extraordinary with the associated changes that would make by the exercise to the body. Conclusion Before starting to reduce calorie diet as well as exercise program, one should consult the doctor, particularly if anyone has a history of health issue or those who have not had a physical checkup on a recent basis or being pregnant or lactating. Proper diet for losing fat is not difficult as well as more pleasing as compare to one might consider. Many people consider diet as a short-term method of limiting the food until the time they attain a particular weight target. It is not the reality. People do not need to go on a certain diet forbidding some of the foods or guide regarding what to eat daily. This is what people may stick with for certain times however they tend to go back to the previous eating habits when they go off that type of restrict diet. Hence they again gain weight. People must never imagine of being on or off a particular diet. As an alternative, one should make their own choices within any guideline of a healthy diet in which person can enjoy and continue for life. Eating fruits, vegetables and fruits more and fat foods less is the best diet for not only to lose fat but also for the lifetime. There are two things to lose body fat that one should think how and what to eat: Pursue a healthy and balanced diet by taking some foods from each food group. Those diets that remove a particular food group in the diet will never last long because they do not offer healthy nutrition. The best diet must enhance the health during losing fat. Cut down the calories amount or give up some of the favorite foods one select. It indicates selecting low calorie foods frequently without giving up the required nutrients. Diet on the basis of these two terms â€Å"balance† and â€Å"calories† is the best concept one attain to a â€Å"magic† diet to lose body fat. Do not eat too much of any food but eat variety of foods. References Aday, L. A., Cornelius, L. J. (2011). Designing and conducting health surveys: a comprehensive guide. John Wiley Sons.http://books.google.com.pk/books?hl=enlr=id=gfHpTiGcdO4Coi=fndpg=PR11dq=guide+to+health+dietots=e8csd9XrUKsig=o5_FyalAgjQJYkeRBrVKDok1hUw Neinstein, L. S. (Ed.). (2008). Adolescent health care: a practical guide (Vol. 414). Lippincott Williams Wilkins.http://books.google.com.pk/books?hl=enlr=id=er8dQPxgcz0Coi=fndpg=PR13dq=guide+to+health+dietots=UZ-WV09CBmsig=004gVmOmaF1VnC5hKELsL09eTUA Sallis, J. F., Owen, N., Fisher, E. B. (2008). Ecological models of health behavior. Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice, 4, 465-485.https://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/40920657/1475713404/name/HB+%26+HE-+Glanz+Book.pdf#page=503 Waxman, A. (2005). Why a global strategy on diet, physical activity and health? (Vol. 95, pp. 162-166). Karger Publishers.www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/88302

Lewis Carrolls Through the Looking Glass Essay -- Literature Children

Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking Glass â€Å"If it was so, it might be; and if it were so, it would be; but as it isn’t, it ain’t. That’s logic,† according to Tweedledee, a character in Lewis Carroll’s famous children’s work Through the Looking Glass (Complete Works 181). Of course, Lewis Carroll is most well known for that particular book, and maybe even more so for the first Alice book, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. The connection between Lewis Carroll and logic is less obvious for most people. In reality, Lewis Carroll is the nom de guerre for the Reverend Charles L. Dodgson, a â€Å"puttering, fussy, fastidious, didactic bachelor, who was almost painfully humorless in his relations with the grown-up world around him† (Woollcott 5). Though it may seem that Dodgson and his pseudonym emit two very different personalities, as Braithwaite points out, there really only existed â€Å"a completely integrated though singular personality† (174). While Dodgson under his true name usually only published books on mathematics and logic, under the name of Lewis Carroll he published books for the young, with some exceptions. One such exception to this division of subjects is the work Symbolic Logic; this textbook was published under the name of Lewis Carroll. It is through Dodgson’s children’s works that his integrated personality emerges. His Alice books, for example, contain many statements of logic and games of mathematics, intended for the amusement of his audience. Dodgson â€Å"regarded formal and symbolic logic not as a corpus of systematic knowledge about valid thought nor yet as an art for teaching a person to think correctly, but as a game† (174). With this perspective, it is easy to see why he was interested in... ...tin. The Universe In A Handkerchief. New York: Copernicus, 1996. Gardner, Martin. The Annotated Alice. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. Gattegno, Jean. Lewis Carroll: Fragments of a Looking-Glass. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1974. Goldfarb, Nancy. â€Å"Carroll’s Jabberwocky.† The Explicator 57 (1999): 86. Hofstadter, Douglas R. Gà ¶del, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid. New York: Basic Books, 1979. Holmes, Roger W. â€Å"The Philosopher’s Alice in Wonderland.† Phillips 159-174. Phillips, Robert, ed. Aspects of Alice: Lewis Carroll’s Dreamchild as seen through the Critics’ Looking-Glasses. New York: Vanguard Press, 1971. Wilson, Edmund. â€Å"C. L. Dodgson: The Poet Logician.† Phillips 198-206. Woollcott, Alexander. Introduction. The Complete Works of Lewis Carroll. By Lewis Carroll. New York: Random House. 1-9.

The Defence of the Corporate Veil - Parent Companies Beware! :: Business Management Studies

The Defence of the Corporate Veil - Parent Companies Beware! Much interest has recently been shown in the potential consequences of the judgment given in Stocznia Gdanska SA -v- Latvian Shipping Co and others, which was substantially upheld by the Court of Appeal on 21 June 2002. Although the case related to Shipbuilding Contracts, the result has reinforced the traditional view that the Courts will not countenance any further erosion of the fundamental principle of English Company Law that a company is to be regarded as a legal entity with a separate legal personality, distinct from that of its members. However, the case has highlighted potential alternative sources of liability for parent companies establishing wholly owned single-purpose subsidiaries - in many industry sectors, including shipping, property and big-ticket asset finance. The basic principles The principle of separate corporate personality has been established for over a century. In the leading case of Salomon -v- Salomon & Co. (1897), the House of Lords held that, regardless of the extent of a particular shareholder's interest in the company, and notwithstanding that such shareholder had sole control of the company's affairs as its governing director, the company's acts were not his acts; nor were its liabilities his liabilities. Thus, the fact that one shareholder controls all, or virtually all, the shares in a company is not a sufficient reason for ignoring the legal personality of the company; on the contrary, the "veil of incorporation" will not be lifted so as to attribute the rights or liabilities of a company to its shareholders. The basic principle established in Salomon in relation to single companies was extended to groups of companies by a comparatively recent decision of the Court of Appeal in Adams -v- Cape Industries PLC (1990). In that case, the Court of Appeal held that, as a matter of law, it was not entitled to lift the corporate veil against a defendant company, which was a member of a corporate group, merely because the corporate structure had been used so as to ensure that the legal liability in respect of particular future activities of the group would fall on another member of the group rather than on the defendant company. In effect, the Court of Appeal rejected the argument that the corporate veil should be pierced just because a group of companies operated as a single economic entity. Related principles and considerations A corollary of the basic Salomon principle is that a company cannot be characterised as an agent of its shareholders unless there is clear evidence to show that the company was in fact acting as an agent in a particular transaction or series of transactions.

Alvin Ailey :: essays research papers

Every company has what is known as a â€Å"signature piece,† that is, a work which expresses something about the artistic direction and the spirit of the company. For the Alvin Ailey Dance Theater that piece is Revelations. Choreographed and set to traditional music, Revelations was first performed at the Ninety-second Street YM-YWHA New York, NY., January 31, 1960. The lead dancers were Joan Derby, Minnie Marhsall, Merle Derby, Dorene Richardson, Jay Fletcher, Nathaniel Horne, and Herman Howell and the soloists were Nancy Redi and Gene Hobgood. The music was performed by the Music Masters Guild Chorus of the Harlem Branch YMCA under the direction of Frank Thomas. The piece as originally performed consisted of danced portions and music interleudes grouped under three broad headings, â€Å"Pilgrim of Sorrow,† â€Å"That Love My Jesus Gives Me,† and â€Å"Move, Members, Move.† The work was revised extensively a month after its first performance and was agai n given at the Ninety-second Street YM-YWHA. Revelations has been seen in every country that the company has toured and has been universally acclaimed. Born in Rogers, Texas on January 5, 1931, Alvin Ailey spent his formative years going to Sunday School and participating in The Baptist Young People's Union. At age twelve, he moved to Los Angeles and, on a junior high school class trip to the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, fell in love with concert dance. Ailey began his formal dance training inspired by the performances of the Katherine Dunham Dance Company and the classes with Lester Horton that his friend, Carmen de Lavallade, urged him to take. Horton, the founder of the first racially integrated dance company in the US, was a catalyst for Ailey as the young dancer embarked on his professional career. After Horton's death in 1953, Ailey became the director of the Lester Horton Dance Theater and began to choreograph his own works. In New York, Ailey studied with many outstanding dance artists, including Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey, Charles Weidman, Hanya Holm and Karel Shook, and took acting classes with Stella Adler. A versatile performer, Ailey won a number of acting roles while continuing to choreograph and dance professionally. In 1958, Ailey founded his own company, the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater. During the Company's first decade, Ailey created approximately twenty new ballets, among them Hermit Songs and Reflections in D. These were followed by The River, The Lark Ascending, Love Songs and many others.

How to Fap

Ok FAP NOW PRIOR TO THE EXAMINATION: WRITING PRACTISES To produce a good narrative essay, first you need to brush up your grammar. It does not work if your grammar is not that good. Get help from your friends and english teacher especially because they know what they are doing; plus that is what they do – teach you! Buy if you can afford to, if not borrow grammar books, example of english essays, and anything that is related from friends or library of your school because by reading it will improve your english skills.There is always a friends that ‘master' a certain subject and for this identify your friends who have the highest marks in Continuous Writing among you. Read his/her essay and try to relate his/her writing to yours. It is not a bad thing to copy the way they write the essay as long as it involve study and education. Try to find time to write an additional essay (which is your own personal essay; not homework) for two or a week times and asked for your teache r's comments.As for me, I started to write additional essays after finishing my trial examination because my bahasa Inggeris grade was the lowest among the 10 subjects that I took. I started a bit late, but you should start NOW while you have the time. Believe me it helps a lot because for my trial I got a B but for the SPM examination I got an A+ for bahasa Inggeris and English GCE-O an 1A. English GCE-O is the marking standard of British English and it only takes the marks of your Continuous Writing. See how important it is for you to excel in Continuous Writing.

Gender Violence

Gender and Violence The young woman from the military article was very courageous for coming out and telling her personal story about the rape she endured while serving In the military. I feel the word and the action of â€Å"rape† has been seen as sort of a taboo for many generations throughout the army. So many questions about gender and violence came to my mind after reading the article. One being, why must woman be afraid of losing their occupation for speaking of a vicious violent act on them?Rape, is such a violent act, which can both physically and psychologically ruin a woman forever. How can these military men shun someone who has no control over what was done to her? The ethics of the case I feel would be found in a country without a justice system. Certain measures need to be changed In order for this order to prevent this type of desensitizing behavior In the military and throughout male driven occupations. Often both abuse and violent behaviors are Internalized at a young age and further exemplified In the person's adulthood.For example, Byron Hurts mentioned In his article how stunned he was about learning the lengths that women do to protect themselves from sexual assault; and how it really evoked him to think ND want to learn about gender. After learning about the female gender issues of violence, I felt he begun to learn what respect a woman really meaner. It is interesting how him choosing to educate himself about violence and gender had a more powerful effect on him than seeing the emotional effects of verbal abuse as a child.He even mentioned how he had a special bond with his mother and seeing her emotional pain did not change his mannerisms and understanding of the proper way to treat a woman. Education may be the most powerful tool in order to prevent violent gender behaviors amongst men towards woman In the military. Many Individuals that enter the military do not have a college education which may have exposed them with some kind of background from a course about violence against women.Being said, some of these men may have grown up in an environment where abuse against a woman was okay and therefore will further exemplify the learned mannerism in the military. Education and creating programs in order to prevent these violent actions are important to erase the macho like mentality found in the military and will help men to understand that it is unacceptable to exhibit such violence against any woman. Reading the articles also made me want to wink further about some personal instances in which female family or friends have kept quiet about unwanted male behavior In the workplace.An event that came to mind was how my sister said she always tries to avoid the copy room at work because the last time she went In there a random man asked her out on a date. It Is Interesting how that small level of male Inappropriateness made my sister forever want to avoid the copy room. Comparing this to the violence against the women in the military is nothing, I can only imagine Just now terrible these woman tell trot all the negativity of an unpreventable violent act against their body.

Nursing Home Facility versus a General Acute Care Hospital

A nursing home facility also known as a rest home can be defined as a place of residence for people who need constant nursing care. A nursing home offers a range of services in addition to skilled nursing and custodial care. These services include a room all meals, social activities, personal care, 24 hour nursing supervision and access to medical services. On the other hand a general acute care hospital is a health facility or institution which offers emergency medical, surgical and intensive care together with maternity services for admitted patients as well out patients. This care is given around the clock with the presence of a registered nursing staff and daily visits of the physician (Morton, P. Hudak, C. & Gallo B. (1998). Most nursing homes provide two basic types of services which include skilled medical care and custodial care. Skilled Medicare services are offered by trained professionals and can be required for a limited period of time in case of an injury or illness. Consequently, skilled care may be needed on a long term basis if a resident/ patient requires injections or other treatments which are long term. This skilled medical care involves physical therapy where the resident is helped to walk or get on or out of bed and even toileting. In case the patients or residents have wounds the nurse is supposed to assist in wound care which involves dressing and administration of antibiotics and monitoring on intravenous fluids. Custodial or personal care includes assistance in dressing, bathing, eating, walking and even toileting. Custodial care is required since people recovering may temporarily need assistance before they are able to work for themselves. Skilled and custodial care in a nursing home facility is given by a licensed and registered nurse who is supposed to be on duty all day long. The care is given until the patients are able to return to their homes and take care of themselves without much assistance or when the facility feels that there could be no further improvements on the individual patient. Some nursing homes do not have facilities that are certified for Medicare for example beds therefore; this facility is more of a residential home since it provides a room, meals and other necessary requirements for daily living and recreation. The patients here are treated more like a family since the nurses are able to cater more to their specific needs whether emotional or medical (Weiss Man.et al, 2001) While receiving skilled or rehabilitation, the nursing home will provide custodial care together with professional services, however the Medicaid paid does not cover all the cost of care and this means that the resident must cater for the other costs. A physician attends residents in a nursing home occasionally when need arises. Whereas in a General Acute Care Hospital, nursing, care is oriented and motivated by urgency. Diagnostic and therapeutic modalities are readily available and therefore immediate medical care decisions are necessary. Like in a nursing home, nursing care here is given by a registered nurse who is present all around the clock. In this facility medical care is instituted on admission and there are daily visits of the physician Like in the nursing home, skilled care is given to the patients together with custodial care until patients have recovered or when they are referred to a nursing for fur ther monitoring and care by a physician. Nursing services are highly specialized due to a high rate of admissions and emergency. A high percentage of professional staff in the nursing department may also contribute to the specialization (Green gold NL.2004). This kind of facility attends to acute cases which may not be taken care of at home or a nursing home. Equally all the facilities are certified and patients are attended at individual level. Conclusion There are significant differences on the care of patients in a Nursing Home Facility and in a General Acute Care Hospital. These differences are so pronounced and are not necessary since both of the two facilities are health care facilities and all the residents’ medical care on a daily basis. The main objective of a health care facility is the provision of quality services. References: Green gold NL. When can we change an established medical practice? AHA News: 2004:40:6 Morton, P. Hudak, C. & Gallo B. (1998). Critical care nursing: a holistic approach 7th ed. Lippincott, Williams, Wilkins Weiss Man, DE; Griffre, J; Muchka, S; Matson, S. Improving pain management in long term care facilities. Journal of palliative medicine; 2001; 4:4:567-573 Â  

Racial Profiling Essay

A person should not be judged due to their appearance. Today skin color makes you a suspect in America. It makes you more likely to be stopped, more likely to be searched, and more likely to be arrested and imprisoned. When police officers stop or charge a person based on their race; that’s racial profiling. Racial profiling has been occurring around the nation for years. Statistics show that if a Caucasian man and an African American man are both driving a nice car and speeding at the same time; the police officer is most likely to stop the African-American man. Not only is racial profiling wrong, but is disrespectful to minorities, and should be illegal throughout America. Racial profiling should be illegal because it causes discomfort and humiliation to many minority citizens, lack of unity in the American people, and the possibility of real criminals getting away because he is not a minority thus becoming a threat to society. Racial profiling causes a huge discomfort and humiliation to many minority citizens. New Jersey officials admitted to racial profiling on April 20, 1999. The report showed that racial profiling practices in New Jersey are not just an insight. The report recognized the targeting of African American and Latino drivers to troopers who abused their positions by ignoring the rights of minorities. Police officers don’t understand how degrading and humiliating this can be. Yes racial profiling can be used by countries to fight crimes thus giving security to its citizens, but it also causes a discomfort to minorities. Additionally, the more police continue to arrest citizens based on their race, cultural background, and religion the more we lack unity in America. When police officers offend minorities by racial profiling, it makes the country divide even more. You would think that after the civil rights movement people would become as one; however, racial profiling only makes it worse. How can we unite as a country if we can not look past the surface? Racial profiling is a great divider among the people in America; if America can not look past its differences this problem will worsen, and then America, the land of the great, will fall. Don’t ask what the police can do to make the situation better-but what can we do to help the police make the  situation better! The Possibility of real criminals getting away is becoming a threat to society because police are overlooking the fact that he or she is not a minority. If a detective is given a description that does not include the ethnicity of the suspect, they automatically search for a suspect that has the ethical background of the African American, or Hispanic decent. This happens because African-Americans and Hispanics are known for causing the most crimes, which is why we need to stop the racial profiling. With that being said, this inevitably disregards all the possible suspects who are not of the minority decent. Even though racial profiling is used by police to narrow down their search for the possible suspects, minority citizens become more intensified with the fact that they are the ones being targeted and accused for such crimes that they did not commit. To conclude, racial profiling is a conflict all around America. We as citizens in America need to our best to stop racial profiling; I reiterate we need to try our best to stop racial profiling! I heard this quote once â€Å"United we stand, but divided we fall.† This quote should urge you to want to put an end to racial profiling. Racial profiling is something that may never stop in America. It is wrong and unjust. Still, it is something worth fighting for, for the many who suffer because of the problem and for this country in general. Everyone has different opinions on Racial Profiling, some people say there are benefits or others have negative impacts on racial profiling.

Human growth and development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human growth and development - Assignment Example Erikson believes children go through 4 Psychosocial Stages: Basic Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame, Initiative vs. Guilt, and Industry vs. Inferiority. Each of these stages are â€Å"defined by a conflict involving the childs relationship with the environment. The particular conflicts a child faces and the way in which they respond t these conflicts is what Erikson believes shapes their personality. 2. Piagets theory of cognitive development maintains that children are active participants in their own cognitive development. Piagets theory begins with basic schemas, â€Å"cognitive structures or concepts used to identify and interpret objects, events and other information in the environment† (Wood 54). Assimilation is the term Piaget uses to describe the way in which children try to fit these new things into their existing schemas. Not everything can be assimilated into existing schemas, and in these cases children will learn to use Accommodation. â€Å"In accommodation, existing schemas are modified or new schemas are created to process new information† (Wood 55). Transition from stage to stage is not abrupt, but gradual with the first stage being the Sensorimotor stage. In this stage, infant gain an understanding of the world through their senses and their object permanence is developed in which children realize that objects continue to exist even when they are o ut of sight. The Preoperational stage occurs next when the child is between 2 and 7 years of age. â€Å"Here children become increasingly able to represent objects and events mentally with words and images† (Wood 56). At this stage children will be able to imitate the behavior of a person who who is no longer in sight through deferred imitation. Between the ages 7 and 12, the Concrete Operations stage causes thinking to be â€Å"less egocentric and they come to realize that people have

THE LEVEL OF EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION AND COMMITMENT AT LLOYDS TSB BANK Dissertation

THE LEVEL OF EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION AND COMMITMENT AT LLOYDS TSB BANK (FRONT DESK STAFF) - Dissertation Example Employee satisfaction is absolutely necessary among front desk staff especially those working in investment banks or other sales related companies as they represent an organization and bring in a greater portion of the revenue. The purpose of this study is to measure the employee satisfaction levels among Lloyds TSB front desk staff, one of the leading banks of UK. A questionnaire based survey was conducted and it was found that although the pay package and benefits provided by the bank were quite attractive, employee satisfaction was average among the Lloyds TSB front desk staff. An analysis of the questionnaire using popular satisfaction/motivation theories revealed that along with money other factors such as communication with the employees, respect and recognition and appreciation are also important. It was found that hard HRM is mostly practiced in Lloyds Bank TSB branches and hence it is recommended that a blend of both hard and soft HRM should be applied in order to improve th e employee satisfaction levels. ... ies 15 2.3 Maslow’s Theory 16 2.4 Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory 18 2.5 Alderfer’s ERG Theory 19 2.5.1 Using Alderfer’s ERG Theory at Workplace 20 2.6 Vroom’s Theory of Expectancy 20 2.6.1 Applying Vroom’s Expectancy Theory in an Organization 21 2.7 Locke’s Path Goal Theory 21 2.8 Studies on Employee Satisfaction 22 2.9 Theoretical Framework 24 3.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 26 3.1 Research Philosophies 26 3.2 Research Design 27 3.3 Data Sources 28 3.4 Data Collection Tools 28 3.5 Sampling Strategy and Sample Size 29 3.6 Data Analysis 31 3.7 Validity and Reliability Concerns 32 3.8 Ethical Considerations 33 4.FINDINGS 34 4.1 Section A: Demographics 34 4.2 Section B: Human Resource Policies 37 4.3 Section C: Job satisfaction at Lloyd’s bank 43 4.4 Section D: Employee Training and Development Practices 48 4.5 Section E: Performance and Evaluation 48 4.6 Section F: Compensation 49 4.7 Section G: Employee Retention 51 4.8 Section H: Employee Commitment 52 5.DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 54 5.1 Analysis 56 6.CONCLUSION 59 6.1 Recommendations 61 6.2 Revisiting Aims and Objectives 62 6.3 Research Limitations and Future Research Scope 63 References 64 Appendix- I 73 THE LEVEL OF EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION AND COMMITMENT AT LLOYDS TSB BANK (FRONT DESK STAFF) 1. INTRODUCTION Employee satisfaction is commonly defined as the measure of how happy and content an employee is with his/her job and working environment (Kennet & Salini 2011). It has been observed that at times even though the package offered to the employee is good, the employees become discouraged and resign from their jobs. Certain factors like limited growth opportunity, lack of appreciation and recognition, high job stress and even lack of communication within the organization discourage and frustrate an employee. The

Design Process Technical Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Design Process Technical - Research Paper Example Other features comprise of applications that manage the phones music and other apps. This paper focuses on the technical analysis of the smart watch device, specifically the Apple watch. The CEO, Tim Cook introduced Apple watch device at the Apples Sept. 2014 special event keynote. This was done alongside the introduction of the new iPhones, that is, iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus. The product’s user-friendly interface and sleek design ensures it conforms to the companys other widespread Apple consumer products (Johnson, 2015). The Apple Watch was specifically designed to work with the iPhone 5 devices or that of a later version. The watch mandates the presence of the iPhone for it to work well since it has limited functionalities when it is placed far off from the phone. The Apple Watch consists of integrated inventions and technological advancements placed on the software and hardware of the device (Johnson, 2015). The smart watch has a simple user interface (UI) design that enables the end user to easily interact with it using sound, sight and touch. Apart from the anticipated utilities incorporated in this device such as messaging, picking calls, finding directions, keeping appointments and playing music, the device has additional high functionality that facilitates processing payments. Moreover, the smart watch has the ability for monitoring the human heart rate and in other particular cases, it can be programmed to open or unlock electronic doors. It apparently serves the need of keeping time, which it is incredibly accurate at, besides doubling up as an attractive fashion accessory that possesses lots of customizable apps (Johnson, 2015). On the right side of the smart watch device, that is, if an end user is viewing the watch’s face, there exists a knob which the Apple tech team refers to as the Digital Crown. Its main function on the Apple Watch is to function as an input device that lets the end-user perform various

Research for organic textile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research for organic textile - Essay Example Other buyers opt for organic textile products for their children’s allergies or their sensitive skins. For this reason very few companies deal in organic textiles, most of them importing organic raw material and processing them in China or Japan while others importing end-use products from U.S.A. or the European Union (Joca, 2001). Being that Japanese consumers like reliable certification, most organic textile products sold within the country come from the U.S.A who’s certification standards on products is known to be quite stringent.. While Japan consumes over 800,000 tons of cotton products yearly, only between 300 to 350 tons are of organic cotton material. Most organic textiles are sold in cooperative stores, department stores, specialty stores and natural food stores. Most supermarkets do not sell organic textiles and most businesses deem catalogue, mail-order and online business favorable for organic textile products in the country. Currently, the market for organic textiles in the country is growing gradually with their prices closely matching those of high level branded clothes sold in department stores. The high prices are more as a result of small-scale production and high cost of raw US cotton. Most organic textile products sold in Japan are uncolored and unbleached with a gradually growing need for new styles, blends, printed or dyed products. In order to establish a business in Japan, a minimum of one yen is required but under certain conditions; within five years the business must have a minimum capital of between three and ten million yen depending on the type of business (Jref Inc., 2009). A minimum registration fee of 181 yen is also charged for startup businesses; these cover a whole range of licenses and permit fess. According to the Organic Exchange and Organic trade association, apparel account for about 85% of retail organic products in Los Angeles (Singleton, 1997). The home textile

Why Television Shows Should Not Be Allowed to Use Obscene Language Essay

Why Television Shows Should Not Be Allowed to Use Obscene Language - Essay Example The family may be comprised of a father; mother and two children aged 8 and 11 years respectively. The television program will not be enjoyable at all to watch since the mother and the father will be feeling uncomfortable when some words are spoken. At times, the child might even ask their parents about the meaning of some words that are really embarrassing even to mention. The parents end up being tongue tied since they do not how to explain it since the word are really embarrassing. On the other hand, the use of obscene language in our television shows usually contribute to deviant behaviors in people both the adults and children. The children are the ones that are affected more by the obscene language since they tend to speak some of the words that were used in the show to their peers. When such a situation comes, it becomes very hard to control the behavior of such children since they are imitating what grown up are seeing in television programs. Even if their parent would like to correct their children’s behavior by telling them not to use such words, they would not listen as they would argue that if these words are used in television by even grown-ups, why should we not use it. This becomes the point of discussion between the children and their parent in the course of correcting children behaviors.

Obama Health Care Bill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Obama Health Care Bill - Essay Example This paper seeks to prove the constitutionality of the bill, which is that it contravenes the Unite States constitution. In his ruling dated December 13th 2010, Judge Henry E. Hudson of Virginia ruled that this particular bill was unconstitutional. He went on to cite the requirement that seeks to make all Americans get insurance as having exceeded the authority to regulate commerce granted to congress by the commerce clause. In his words, it â€Å"would invite unbridled exercise of federal police powers† (Johnson et al 415). This bill is especially confusing since there is no regulation requiring everybody to possess a car, only that they procure insurance as a condition for owning one. The law requires that one obtains health insurance just because this insurance exists (Johnson et al 415). While the law is without doubt well meaning and popular, with insurers putting forward the argument that healthy people taking out these policies would aid those with expensive conditions, some of the other provisions could be severed legally. As Judge Hudson stated in his ruling, â€Å"Neither the Supreme Court nor any federal circuit of appeals have extended commerce powers, which compel an individual to involuntarily enter the stream of commerce by purchasing a commodity in the private market† (Johnson et al 414). The bill tramples on an individual’s right of choice, that is, whether to participate in the scheme or not. While noting its noble intentions, it is also worth noting that the claim on its un-constitutionality has nothing to do with health care but rather on liberty and a right to choose (Johnson et al 416). Article 1 section 8 clause three of the United States constitution states that â€Å"the congress shall have the power to lay and collect taxes, duties and excises †¦for the common defense and general welfare of the

Social institution - health-care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Social institution - health-care - Essay Example the theory also views that the study of the social world can be free of value because the investigators value will not interfere with the impartial search for social laws that oversee the behavior pattern of a social system. The theory of functionalism is closely associated with the ideas of Emile Durkheim, a French sociologist who is among the pioneers who used scientific as well as statistic research in sociological researches (FUNCTIONALISM). The second theory of social conflict is dependent on the ideas of Karl Marx. It gives importance to a materialistic interpretation of the history as well as includes a dialectical method used for analysis, a critical approach towards existing social commitments, and the last but not the least, a political program that may lead to revolution. The materialistic viewpoint of history is based on the assumption that the most important aspect of social life is work that people do. This is the work that is related for satisfying the basic necessities of life that includes food, shelter and clothing. According to Marx, work is always socially organized and the technology that is used in the production process will have a strong impact on each and every aspect of the society. Everything that has a value in the society is a result of human labor. Working men and women are making the society for their own existence (CONFLICT THEORY). The theory of interactionism was further developed by Karp and Yoels. This theory can be applied to every area of sociology. This theory clearly states that people make social constructions of reality. These are just interpretations of what actually happens in a society. According to symbolic interaction theory, interaction requires shared meanings of social conditions. When people make interpretation about events and contexts, they confer the actual meaning of their situations and react according to those interpretations. Interpretation made here is based on verbal and non verbal signals. The

Leiningen Essy Essay Example for Free

Leiningen Essy Essay Throughout the ages, man has constantly been forced to battle with nature. Leiningen versus the Ants by Carl Stephenson is about a landowner, Leiningen, in Brazil who is warned by a Brazilian official that an army, ten miles long and two miles wide, of ants is headed straight for his plantation and are expected to reach his plantation in two days at the latest. But Leiningen believes that the Brazilian official is pulling his leg when he advises him to evacuate the plantation because of ants. Against all odds, Leiningen is able to defeat a twenty square mile army of ants by ossessing leadership, confidence, and intelligence. One of the key reasons that Leiningen is able to defeat the army of ants is his great leadership skill because with a great leader who everyone trusts in, the group or army will be united as one and work as one. After Leiningen has been informed of the ants that are approaching his plantation, Leiningen prepares for the battle by moving the women and children and cattle to safety. The women and children, then the herds of cattle, were escorted by peons on rafts over the river, to remain on the other side in absolute safety (2). Leiningen is keeping the people and animals that cannot fght safe, which demonstrates his leadership and control over the plantation and everything living there while also illustrating his care for the women, children, and cattle. After the battle has begun, Leiningen is forced to make quick decisions, including the decision to drop a match into the petrol-filled ditch. Everyone back from the ditch! roared Leiningen. The men rushed away, without the slightest idea of his plan(9). Leiningens men show great obedience to Leiningen when they rush way from the ditch without details of his plan demonstrating that Leiningen is a reliable leader who they can trust. Finally, Leiningen displays that he is a respected leader who will put his own life at risk to save those of his men. Listen, lads! he shouted. Theres still a chance to save our lives†by flooding the plantation from the river. Well, Im not going to let you try it; if I did Id be worse than one of those ants. No, I called the tune, and now Im going to pay the piper(11). There are few leaders in todays society, or even in history, that would put their own life at risk nstead of the life of one of their men. Leiningen shows absolutely incredible leadership in this instance where he is basically willing to give his life for the lives of his men. Leadership played a key role in Leiningens success because Leiningen was able to lead his men and bring them together as one unit as oppose to individuals working by themselves. In addition to leadership, Leiningen possesses a vital element of success, confidence. Leiningen believed that he could defeat the ants, which gave Leiningen and his men confidence in every precaution, and action they were taking in he steps towards defeating the ants. Leiningen had made every precaution his mind could think of, And now he was sure he would prove more than a match for the irresistible ants(2). Leiningen believes that he will defeat the ants due to the great precaution that he has taken to stop them. By believing that his precautions would be successful, Leiningen illustrates confidence not only in him, but also in his actions. Speaking to the Brazilian officer about the claim he had made about the ants being an act of God, Leiningen replies, Act of God, my eye! Anyway, Im not an old woman; only needs confidence in what he has done, but also in what he is capable of doing. Leiningen demonstrates that he has confidence in his capability to hold off the ants and defeat them. In the same reply to the Brazilian officer who described to Leiningen the vastness and power of the ant army, Leiningen states, l use my intelligence, old man. With me, the brain isnt a second blindgut; I know what its there for(l). Again Leiningen illustrates confidence that he will have no problem holding off the ants simply with his intelligence. Leiningens success can be greatly attributed to his characteristic of confidence because believing that he was able to defeat the ants caused him to strive towards that goal and become successful. Intelligence is more than Just having smarts; it is knowing how to apply those smarts to real-life situations. Leiningen is a man with great intelligence who is able to use his intelligence, along with leadership and confidence, to aid in his defeat of the vast army of ants.